1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as modulators of metabolism and the prophylaxis and treatment of disorders related thereto such as diabetes and hyperglycemia

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to certain 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives of Formula (Ia) that are modulators of metabolism. 
                         
Accordingly, compounds of the present invention are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of metabolic disorders and complications thereof, such as, diabetes and obesity.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Application Ser. No. 10/541,657, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,293,751, which is the national phase under 35 U.S.C. §371 of PCT/US2004/001267, which was filed on Jan. 14, 2004, and which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Applications 60/440,394, filed Jan. 14, 2003, 60/449,829, filed Feb. 24, 2003, 60/453,390, filed Mar. 6, 2003 and 60/470,875 filed May 14, 2003. The entire content of U.S. Application Ser. No. 10/541,657 is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to certain 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives that are modulators of glucose metabolism. Accordingly, compounds of the present invention are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of metabolic disorders and complications thereof, such as, diabetes and obesity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease afflicting over 100 million people worldwide. In the United States, there are more than 12 million diabetics, with 600,000 new cases diagnosed each year.

Diabetes mellitus is a diagnostic term for a group of disorders characterized by abnormal glucose homeostasis resulting in elevated blood sugar. There are many types of diabetes, but the two most common are Type I (also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or IDDM) and Type II (also referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM).

The etiology of the different types of diabetes is not the same; however, everyone with diabetes has two things in common: overproduction of glucose by the liver and little or no ability to move glucose out of the blood into the cells where it becomes the body's primary fuel.

People who do not have diabetes rely on insulin, a hormone made in the pancreas, to move glucose from the blood into the cells of the body. However, people who have diabetes either don't produce insulin or can't efficiently use the insulin they produce; therefore, they can't move glucose into their cells. Glucose accumulates in the blood creating a condition called hyperglycemia, and over time, can cause serious health problems.

Diabetes is a syndrome with interrelated metabolic, vascular, and neuropathic components. The metabolic syndrome, generally characterized by hyperglycemia, comprises alterations in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by absent or markedly reduced insulin secretion and/or ineffective insulin action. The vascular syndrome consists of abnormalities in the blood vessels leading to cardiovascular, retinal and renal complications. Abnormalities in the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems are also part of the diabetic syndrome.

People with IDDM, which accounts for about 5% to 10% of those who have diabetes, don't produce insulin and therefore must inject insulin to keep their blood glucose levels normal. IDDM is characterized by low or undetectable levels of endogenous insulin production caused by destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas, the characteristic that most readily distinguishes IDDM from NIDDM. IDDM, once termed juvenile-onset diabetes, strikes young and older adults alike.

Approximately 90 to 95% of people with diabetes have Type II (or NIDDM). NIDDM subjects produce insulin, but the cells in their bodies are insulin resistant: the cells don't respond properly to the hormone, so glucose accumulates in their blood. NIDDM is characterized by a relative disparity between endogenous insulin production and insulin requirements, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. In contrast to IDDM, there is always some endogenous insulin production in NIDDM; many NIDDM patients have normal or even elevated blood insulin levels, while other NIDDM patients have inadequate insulin production (Rotwein, R. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 308, 65-71 (1983)). Most people diagnosed with NIDDM are age 30 or older, and half of all new cases are age 55 and older. Compared with whites and Asians, NIDDM is more common among Native Americans, African-Americans, Latinos, and Hispanics. In addition, the onset can be insidious or even clinically inapparent, making diagnosis difficult.

The primary pathogenic lesion on NIDDM has remained elusive. Many have suggested that primary insulin resistance of the peripheral tissues is the initial event. Genetic epidemiological studies have supported this view. Similarly, insulin secretion abnormalities have been argued as the primary defect in NIDDM. It is likely that both phenomena are important contributors to the disease process (Rimoin, D. L., et. al. Emery and Rimoin's Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics 3^(rd) Ed. 1:1401-1402 (1996)).

Many people with NIDDM have sedentery lifestyles and are obese; they weigh approximately 20% more than the recommended weight for their height and build. Furthermore, obesity is characterized by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, a feature shared with NIDDM, hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Obesity and diabetes are among the most common human health problems in industrialized societies. In industrialized countries a third of the population is at least 20% overweight. In the United States, the percentage of obese people has increased from 25% at the end of the 1970s, to 33% at the beginning the 1990s. Obesity is one of the most important risk factors for NIDDM. Definitions of obesity differ, but in general, a subject weighing at least 20% more than the recommended weight for his/her height and build is considered obese. The risk of developing NIDDM is tripled in subjects 30% overweight, and three-quarters with NIDDM are overweight.

Obesity, which is the result of an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, is highly correlated with insulin resistance and diabetes in experimental animals and human. However, the molecular mechanisms that are involved in obesity-diabetes syndromes are not clear. During early development of obesity, increase insulin secretion balances insulin resistance and protects patients from hyperglycemia (Le Stunff, et al. Diabetes 43, 696-702 (1989)). However, after several decades, β cell function deteriorates and non-insulin-dependent diabetes develops in about 20% of the obese population (Pederson, P. Diab. Metab. Rev. 5, 505-509 (1989)) and (Brancati, F. L., et al., Arch. Intern. Med. 159, 957-963 (1999)). Given its high prevalence in modern societies, obesity has thus become the leading risk factor for NIDDM (Hill, J. O., et al., Science 280, 1371-1374 (1998)). However, the factors which predispose a fraction of patients to alteration of insulin secretion in response to fat accumulation remain unknown.

Whether someone is classified as overweight or obese is generally determined on the basis of their body mass index (BMI) which is calculated by dividing body weight (kg) by height squared (m²). Thus, the units of BMI are kg/m² and it is possible to calculate the BMI range associated with minimum mortality in each decade of life. Overweight is defined as a BMI in the range 25-30 kg/m², and obesity as a BMI greater than 30 kg/m² (see TABLE below). There are problems with this definition in that it does not take into account the proportion of body mass that is muscle in relation to fat (adipose tissue). To account for this, obesity can also be defined on the basis of body fat content: greater than 25% and 30% in males and females, respectively.

Classification of Weight by Body Mass Index (BMI)

BMI CLASSIFICATION <18.5 Underweight 18.5-24.9 Normal 25.0-29.9 Overweight 30.0-34.9 Obesity (Class I) 35.0-39.9 Obesity (Class II) >40 Extreme Obesity (Class III)

As the BMI increases there is an increased risk of death from a variety of causes that is independent of other risk factors. The most common diseases with obesity are cardiovascular disease (particularly hypertension), diabetes (obesity aggravates the development of diabetes), gall bladder disease (particularly cancer) and diseases of reproduction. Research has shown that even a modest reduction in body weight can correspond to a significant reduction in the risk of developing coronary heart disease.

Compounds marketed as anti-obesity agents include Orlistat (XENICAL™) and Sibutramine. Orlistat (a lipase inhibitor) inhibits fat absorption directly and tends to produce a high incidence of unpleasant (though relatively harmless) side-effects such as diarrhea. Sibutramine (a mixed 5-HT/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) can increase blood pressure and heart rate in some patients. The serotonin releaser/reuptake inhibitors fenfluramine (Pondimin™) and dexfenfluramine (Redux™) have been reported to decrease food intake and body weight over a prolonged period (greater than 6 months). However, both products were withdrawn after reports of preliminary evidence of heart valve abnormalities associated with their use. Accordingly, there is a need for the development of a safer anti-obesity agent.

Obesity considerably increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases as well. Coronary insufficiency, atheromatous disease, and cardiac insufficiency are at the forefront of the cardiovascular complication induced by obesity. It is estimated that if the entire population had an ideal weight, the risk of coronary insufficiency would decrease by 25% and the risk of cardiac insufficiency and of cerebral vascular accidents by 35%. The incidence of coronary diseases is doubled in subjects less than 50 years of age who are 30% overweight. The diabetes patient faces a 30% reduced lifespan. After age 45, people with diabetes are about three times more likely than people without diabetes to have significant heart disease and up to five times more likely to have a stroke. These findings emphasize the inter-relations between risks factors for NIDDM and coronary heart disease and the potential value of an integrated approach to the prevention of these conditions based on the prevention of these conditions based on the prevention of obesity (Perry, I. J., et al., BMJ 310, 560-564 (1995)).

Diabetes has also been implicated in the development of kidney disease, eye diseases and nervous-system problems. Kidney disease, also called nephropathy, occurs when the kidney's “filter mechanism” is damaged and protein leaks into urine in excessive amounts and eventually the kidney fails. Diabetes is also a leading cause of damage to the retina at the back of the eye and increases risk of cataracts and glaucoma. Finally, diabetes is associated with nerve damage, especially in the legs and feet, which interferes with the ability to sense pain and contributes to serious infections. Taken together, diabetes complications are one of the nation's leading causes of death.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is drawn to compounds, which bind to and modulate the activity of a GPCR referred to herein as RUP3, and uses thereof. The term RUP3, as used herein, includes the human sequences found in GeneBank accession number XM_(—)066873, naturally-occurring allelic variants, mammalian orthologs, and recombinant mutants thereof. A preferred human RUP3 for use in screening and testing of the compounds of the invention is provided in the nucleotide sequence of Seq. ID.No:1 and the corresponding amino acid sequence in Seq. ID.No:2.

One aspect of the present invention encompasses 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as shown in Formula (Ia):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof,

wherein:

-   -   A and B are independently C₁₋₃ alkylene optionally substituted         with 1 to 4 methyl groups;     -   D is O, S, S(O), S(O)₂, CR₂R₃ or N—R₂;

-   V is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃ alkylene, ethynylene     and C₁₋₂ heteroalkylene wherein each are optionally substituted with     1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃     alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, carboxy, cyano, C₁₋₃ haloalkyl and halogen; or V     is absent;

-   W is NR₄, O, S, S(O) or S(O)₂; or W is absent;

X is N or CR₅;

Y is N or CR₆;

Z is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, C₁₋₂ alkylamino, C₂₋₄ dialkylamino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₄₋₈ diacylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylsulfonylamino, formyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, aryl, heterocyclic, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino, nitro and tetrazolyl, wherein C₁₋₈ alkyl and C₁₋₅ acyl are each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, C₁₋₂ alkylamino, C₂₋₄ dialkylamino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, formyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; or

Z is a group of Formula (A):

-   -   wherein:

-   R₇ is H, C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₈ is H, nitro or     nitrile;

Ar₁ is aryl or heteroaryl wherein each are optionally substituted with R₉-R₁₃;

-   R₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆     alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆     alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄     alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, C₁₋₄     alkylamino, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, carboxamide, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl,     C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, halogen, C₁₋₄     haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄     haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio and hydroxyl;

R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl and phenyl; and wherein C₁₋₈ alkyl, heteroaryl and phenyl are each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-alkylene, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; or

R₂ is —Ar₂-Ar₃ wherein Ar₂ and Ar₃ are independently aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl and nitro; or

R₂ is a group of Formula (B):

-   -   wherein:     -   R₁₄ is C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₁₅ is F, Cl, Br or         CN; or

-   R₂ is a group of Formula (C):

-   -   wherein:     -   G is C═O, CR₁₆R₁₇, O, S, S(O), S(O)₂; where R₁₆ and R₁₇ are         independently H or C₁₋₈ alkyl; and

-   Ar₄ is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5     substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅     acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄     alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl,     C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄     alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano,     C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄     dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄     alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄     haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄     haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and     nitro;

R₃ is H, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, halogen or hydroxyl;

R₄ is H or C₁₋₈ alkyl;

R₅ and R₆ are independently H, C₁₋₈ alkyl or halogen;

R₉ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, arylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, heterocyclic, heterocyclicsulfonyl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, nitro, C₄₋₇ oxo-cycloalkyl, phenoxy, phenyl, sulfonamide and sulfonic acid, and wherein C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, phenoxy and phenyl are each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, nitro and phenyl; or

R₉ is a group of Formula (D):

-   -   wherein:     -   “p” and “r” are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and         -   R₁₈ is H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄             alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₄ alkylsulfonamide,             carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆             cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, heteroaryl or             phenyl, and wherein the heteroaryl and phenyl are each             optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected             independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy,             amino, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino,             halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and hydroxyl; and

-   R₁₀-R₁₃ are independently selected form the group consisting of C₁₋₅     acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄     alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄     alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl,     carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl,     C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl,     C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio,     hydroxyl and nitro; or two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups together with Ar₁     form a 5, 6 or 7 membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclic     group wherein the 5, 6 or 7 membered group is optionally substituted     with halogen.

Some embodiments of the present invention include pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Some embodiments of the present invention include methods for prophylaxis or treatment of a metabolic disorder in an individual comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

Some embodiments of the present invention include methods of controlling or decreasing weight gain of an individual comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutical composition thereof.

Some embodiments of the present invention include methods of modulating a RUP3 receptor comprising contacting the receptor with a compound of the present invention.

Some embodiments of the present invention include methods of modulating a RUP3 receptor in an individual comprising contacting the receptor with a compound of the present invention. In some embodiments, the compound is an agonist. In some embodiments, the compound is an inverse agonist.

Some embodiments of the present invention include methods of modulating a RUP3 receptor in an individual comprising contacting the receptor with a compound of the present invention wherein the modulation of the RUP3 receptor is prophylaxis or treatment of a metabolic disorder.

Some embodiments of the present invention include methods of modulating a RUP3 receptor in an individual comprising contacting the receptor with a compound of the present invention wherein the modulation of the RUP3 receptor controls or reduces weight gain of the individual.

Some embodiments of the present invention include the use of compounds of the present invention for production of a medicament for use in prophylaxis or treatment of a metabolic disorder.

Some embodiments of the present invention include the use of compounds of the present invention for production of a medicament for use in controlling or decreasing weight gain in an individual.

One aspect of the present invention pertains to compounds of the present invention, as described herein, for use in methods of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy.

One aspect of the present invention pertains to compounds of the present invention, as described herein, for use in methods of prophylaxis or treatment of a metabolic disorder of the human or animal body by therapy.

In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is type I, type II diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, syndrome X or metabolic syndrome.

One aspect of the present invention pertains to methods of producing a pharmaceutical compositions comprising admixing at least one compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows RT-PCR analysis of RUP3 expression in human tissues. A total of twenty-two (22) human tissues were analyzed.

FIG. 1B shows the cDNA Dot-Blot analysis of RUP 3 expression in human tissues.

FIG. 1C shows analysis of RUP3 by RT-PCR with isolated huyman pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

FIG. 1D shows analysis of RUP3 expression with cDNAs of rat origin by RT-PCR.

FIG. 2A shows a polyclonal anti-RUP3 antibody prepared in Rabbits.

FIG. 2B shows the expression of RUP3 in insulin-producing p cells of pancreatic islets.

FIG. 3 shows functional activities of RUP3 In vitro.

FIG. 4A shows a RUP3 RNA blot.

FIG. 4B shows RUP3 agonist, Compound B84, stimulates cAMP production in HIT cells, at a level comparable to that seen with the adenyl cyclase activator forskolin.

FIG. 4C shows RUP3 agonist, Compound B84, stimulates insulin secretion in HIT cells exposed to 15 mM glucose, at a level comparable to that seen with the adenylcyclase activator forskolin.

FIG. 4D shows two RUP3 compounds, Compounds A48 and A51 (at 10 uM concentration), and the enhanced glucose-dependent insulin release compared to control.

FIG. 5A shows the In vivo effects of a RUP3 agonist (Compound B70) on glucose homeostasis in mice and specifically the effect by a RUP3 agonist in a dose-dependent manner on the lowering of blood glucose after glucose challenge.

FIG. 5B shows the acute response of db mice to a RUP3 agonist and Ex-4. FIG. 5B shows Compound B70 and Ex-4 significantly reduces glucose levels compared to vehicle control.

FIG. 6 shows a representative scheme for the syntheses of compounds of the present invention.

DEFINITIONS

The scientific literature that has evolved around receptors has adopted a number of terms to refer to ligands having various effects on receptors. For clarity and consistency, the following definitions will be used throughout this patent document.

AGONISTS shall mean moieties that activate the intracellular response when they bind to the receptor, or enhance GTP binding to membranes.

AMINO ACID ABBREVIATIONS used herein are set out in Table 1:

TABLE 1 ALANINE ALA A ARGININE ARG R ASPARAGINE ASN N ASPARTIC ACID ASP D CYSTEINE CYS C GLUTAMIC ACID GLU E GLUTAMINE GLN Q GLYCINE GLY G HISTIDINE HIS H ISOLEUCINE ILE I LEUCINE LEU L LYSINE LYS K METHIONINE MET M PHENYLALANINE PHE F PROLINE PRO P SERINE SER S THREONINE THR T TRYPTOPHAN TRP W TYROSINE TYR Y VALINE VAL V

Chemical Group, Moiety or Radical:

-   -   The term “C₁₋₅ acyl” denotes an alkyl radical attached to a         carbonyl wherein the definition of alkyl has the same definition         as described herein; some examples include formyl, acetyl,         propionyl, butanoyl, iso-butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl,         heptanoyl, and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₅ acyloxy” denotes an acyl radical attached to an         oxygen atom wherein acyl has the same definition has described         herein; some examples include acetyloxy, propionyloxy,         butanoyloxy, iso-butanoyloxy and the like.     -   The term “C₂₋₆ alkenyl” denotes a radical containing 2 to 6         carbons wherein at least one carbon-carbon double bond is         present, some embodiments are 2 to 4 carbons, some embodiments         are 2 to 3 carbons, and some embodiments have 2 carbons. Both E         and Z isomers are embraced by the term “alkenyl.” Furthermore,         the term “alkenyl” includes di- and tri-alkenyls. Accordingly,         if more than one double bond is present then the bonds may be         all E or Z or a mixtures of E and Z. Examples of an alkenyl         include vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl,         3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl,         5-hexanyl, 2,4-hexadienyl and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkoxy” as used herein denotes a radical alkyl,         as defined herein, attached directly to an oxygen atom. Example         include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy,         t-butoxy, iso-butoxy and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₈ alkyl” denotes a straight or branched carbon         radical containing 1 to 8 carbons, some embodiments are 1 to 6         carbons, some embodiments are 1 to 3 carbons, and some         embodiments are 1 or 2 carbons. Examples of an alkyl include         methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl,         t-butyl, amyl, t-amyl, n-pentyl and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamido” denotes a single alkyl group         attached to an amide, wherein alkyl has the same definition as         found herein. The C₁₋₅ alkylcarboxamido may be represented by         the following:

-   -    Examples include N-methylcarboxamide, N-ethylcarboxamide,         N-(iso-propyl)carboxamide and the like.     -   The term “C₁-C₃ alkylene” refers to a divalent straight carbon         group, such as, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl” denotes an alkyl radical attached         to a sulfoxide radical of the formula: —S(O)— wherein the alkyl         radical has the same definition as described herein. Examples         include methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide” refers to the groups

-   -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl” denotes an alkyl radical attached         to a sulfone radical of the formula: —S(O)₂— wherein the alkyl         radical has the same definition as described herein. Examples         include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkylthio” denotes an alkyl radical attached to a         sulfide of the formula: —S— wherein the alkyl radical has the         same definition as described herein. Examples include         methylsulfanyl (i.e., CH₃S—), ethylsulfanyl, isopropylsulfanyl         and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide” denotes a thioamide of the         following formulae:

-   -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl” denotes the group of the formula:         —NC(S)N— wherein one are both of the nitrogens are substituted         with the same or different alkyl group and alkyl has the same         definition as described herein. Examples of an alkylthioureyl         include, CH₃NHC(O)NH—, NH₂C(O)NCH₃—, (CH₃)₂N(O)NH—,         (CH₃)₂N(O)NH—, (CH₃)₂N(O)NCH₃—, CH₃CH₂NHC(O)NH—,         CH₃CH₂NHC(O)NCH₃—, and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkylureyl” denotes the group of the formula:         —NC(O)N— wherein one are both of the nitrogens are substituted         with the same or different alkyl group wherein alkyl has the         same definition as described herein. Examples of an alkylureyl         include, CH₃NHC(O)NH—, NH₂C(O)NCH₃—, (CH₃)₂N(O)NH—,         (CH₃)₂N(O)NH—, (CH₃)₂N(O)NCH₃—, CH₃CH₂NHC(O)NH—,         CH₃CH₂NHC(O)NCH₃—, and the like.     -   The term “C₂₋₆ alkynyl” denotes a radical containing 2 to 6         carbons and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, some         embodiments are 2 to 4 carbons, some embodiments are 2 to 3         carbons, and some embodiments have 2 carbons. Examples of an         alkynyl include ethynyl, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl,         1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl,         3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl,         4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl and the like. The term “alkynyl” includes         di- and tri-ynes.     -   The term “amino” denotes the group —NH₂.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ alkylamino” denotes one alkyl radical attached to         an amino radical wherein the alkyl radical has the same meaning         as described herein. Some examples include methylamino,         ethylamino, propylamino and the like.     -   The term “aryl” denotes an aromatic ring radical containing 6 to         10 ring carbons. Examples include phenyl and naphthyl.     -   The term “arylalkyl” defines a C₁-C₄ alkylene, such as —CH₂—,         —CH₂CH₂— and the like, which is further substituted with an aryl         group. Examples of an “arylalkyl” include benzyl, phenethylene         and the like.     -   The term “arylcarboxamido” denotes a single aryl group attached         to the amine of an amide, wherein aryl has the same definition         as found herein. The example is N-phenylcarboxamide.     -   The term “arylureyl” denotes the group —NC(O)N— where one of the         nitrogens are substituted with an aryl.     -   The term “benzyl” denotes the group —CH₂C₆H₅.     -   The term “carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy” refers to an alkyl ester of a         carboxylic acid, wherein the alkyl group is C₁₋₆. Examples         include carbomethoxy, carboethoxy, carboisopropoxy and the like.     -   The term “carboxamide” refers to the group —CONH₂.     -   The term “carboxy” or “carboxyl” denotes the group —CO₂H; also         referred to as a carboxylic acid.     -   The term “cyano” denotes the group —CN.     -   The term “C₃₋₇ cycloalkenyl” denotes a non-aromatic ring radical         containing 3 to 6 ring carbons and at least one double bond;         some embodiments contain 3 to 5 carbons; some embodiments         contain 3 to 4 carbons. Examples include cyclopropenyl,         cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and         the like.     -   The term “C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl” denotes a saturated ring radical         containing 3 to 6 carbons; some embodiments contain 3 to 5         carbons; some embodiments contain 3 to 4 carbons. Examples         include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and         the like.     -   The term “C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-alkylene” denotes a saturated         ring radical containing 3 to 6 carbons bonded to a C₁₋₃-alkylene         as described herein; some embodiments contain 3 to 5 carbons;         some embodiments contain 3 to 4 carbons. Examples include         cyclopropyl-CH₂—, cyclopropyl-CH₂CH₂—, cyclobutyl-CH₂—,         cyclopentyl-CH₂—, cyclohexyl-CH₂—, and the like.     -   The term “C₄₋₈ diacylamino” denotes an amino group bonded with         two acyl groups defined herein wherein the acyl groups may be         the same or different, such as:

-   -    Represented dialkylamino groups include diacetylamino,         dipropionylamino, acetylpropionylamino and the like.     -   The term “C₂₋₆ dialkylamino” denotes an amino substituted with         two of the same or different alkyl radicals wherein alkyl         radical has the same definition as described herein. Some         embodiments are C₂₋₄ dialkylamino groups. Some examples include         dimethylamino, methylethylamino, diethylamino and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ dialkylcarboxamido” or “C₁₋₄ dialkylcarboxamide”         denotes two alkyl radicals, that are the same or different,         attached to an amide group, wherein alkyl has the same         definition as described herein. A C₁₋₄ dialkylcarboxamido may be         represented by the following groups:

-   -    Examples of a dialkylcarboxamide include         N,N-dimethylcarboxamide, N-methyl-N-ethylcarboxamide and the         like.     -   The term “C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide” refers to one of the         following groups shown below:

-   -   The term “C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamido” or “C₁₋₄         dialkylthiocarboxamide” denotes two alkyl radicals, that are the         same or different, attached to a thioamide group, wherein alkyl         has the same definition as described herein. A C₁₋₄         dialkylthiocarboxamido may be represented by the following         groups:

-   -    Examples of a dialkylthiocarboxamide include         N,N-dimethylthiocarboxamide, N-methyl-N-ethylthiocarboxamide and         the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ dialkylsulfonylamino” refers to an amino group         bonded with two C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl groups as defined herein.     -   The term “ethynylene” refers to the carbon-carbon triple bond         group as represented below:

-   -   The term “formyl” refers to the group —CHO.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy” denotes a haloalkyl, as defined         herein, that is directly attached to an oxygen to form a         difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy,         pentafluoroethoxy and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ haloalkyl” denotes an alkyl group, defined         herein, wherein the alkyl is substituted with one halogen up to         fully substituted represented by the formula C_(n)F_(2n+1); when         more than one halogen is present they may be the same or         different and selected from F, Cl, Br or I. Some embodiments are         1 to 3 carbons. Examples include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,         trifluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,         pentafluoroethyl and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ haloalkylcarboxamide” denotes an alkylcarboxamide         group, defined herein, wherein the alkyl is substituted with one         halogen up to fully substituted represented by the formula         C_(n)F_(2n+1) and “n” is 1, 2, 3 or 4. When more than one         halogen is present they may be the same or different and         selected from F, Cl, Br or I. Examples include 2-fluoroacetyl,         2,2-difluoroacetyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl,         2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropionyl,         2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropionyl and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl” denotes a haloalkyl radical         attached to a sulfoxide of the formula: —S(O)— wherein the alkyl         radical has the same definition as described herein. Examples         include trifluoromethylsulfinyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfinyl,         2,2-difluoroethylsulfinyl and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl” denotes a haloalkyl attached         to a sulfone of the formula: —S(O)₂— wherein haloalkyl has the         same definition as described herein. Examples include         trifluoromethylsulfonyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl,         2,2-difluoroethylsulfonyl and the like.     -   The term “C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio” denotes an alkylthio radical         substituted with one or more halogens. Examples include         trifluoromethylthio, 1,1-difluoroethylthio,         2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio and the like.     -   The term “halogen” or “halo” denotes to a fluoro, chloro, bromo         or iodo group.     -   The term “C₁₋₂ heteroalkylene” refers to a C₁₋₂ alkylene bonded         to a heteroatom selected from O, S, S(O), S(O)₂ and NH. Some         represented examples include the groups of the following         formulae:

-   -    and the like     -   The term “heteroaryl” denotes an aromatic ring system that may         be a single ring, two fused rings or three fused rings         containing carbons and at least one ring heteroatom selected         from O, S and N. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but not         limited to, pyridyl, benzofuranyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl,         pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, quinoline, benzoxazole, benzothiazole,         1H-benzimidazole, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline,         1H-imidazolyl, [1,2,4]triazolyl, [1,2,3]triazolyl,         [1,2,4]triazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, 1H-pyrazolyl, imidazolyl,         oxazolyl, oxazolyl, [1,3,4]oxadiazolyl, [1,3,4]thiadiazolyl,         [1,2,4]oxadiazolyl, [1,2,4]thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl,         1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindolyl, [1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl and the         like.     -   The term “heterocyclic” denotes a non-aromatic carbon ring         (i.e., cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl as defined herein) wherein         one, two or three ring carbons are replaced a heteroatom, such         as, O, S, N, wherein the N can be optionally substituted with H,         C₁₋₄ acyl or C₁₋₄ alkyl, and ring carbon atoms optionally         substituted with oxo or a thiooxo thus forming a carbonyl or         thiocarbonyl group. The heterocyclic group is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-         or 7-membered containing ring. Examples of a heterocyclic group         include but not limited to aziridin-1-yl, aziridin-2-yl,         azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, piperidin-1-yl,         piperidin-4-yl, morpholin-4-yl, piperzin-1-yl, piperzin-4-yl,         pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, [1,3]-dioxolan-2-yl and the         like. Additional examples of heterocyclic groups are shown in         Tables 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F and 2G, infra.     -   The term “heterocycliccarboxamido” denotes a heterocyclic group         with a ring nitrogen where the ring nitrogen is bonded directly         to the carbonyl forming an amide. Examples include:

-   -    and the like.     -   The term “heterocyclicsulfonyl” denotes a heterocyclic group         with a ring nitrogen where the ring nitrogen is bonded directly         to an SO₂ group forming an sulfonamide. Examples include:

-   -    and the like.     -   The term “hydroxyl” refers to the group —OH.     -   The term “hydroxylamino” refers to the group —NHOH.     -   The term “nitro” refers to the group —NO₂.     -   The term “C₄₋₇ oxo-cycloalkyl” refers to a C₄₋₇ cycloalkyl, as         defined herein, wherein one of the ring carbons is replaced with         a carbonyl. Examples of C₄₋₇ oxo-cycloalkyl include but are not         limited to: 2-oxo-cyclobutyl, 3-oxo-cyclobutyl,         3-oxo-cyclopentyl, 4-oxo-cyclohexyl, and the like and         represented the following structures respectively:

-   -   The term “perfluoroalkyl” denotes the group of the formula         —C_(n)F_(2n+1); stated differently, a perfluoroalkyl is an alkyl         as defined herein wherein the alkyl is fully substituted with         fluorine atoms and is therefore considered a subset of         haloalkyl. Examples of perfluoroalkyls include CF₃, CF₂CF₃,         CF₂CF₂CF₃, CF(CF₃)₂, CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₃, CF₂CF(CF₃)₂, CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₃         and the like.     -   The term “phenoxy” refers to the group C₆H₅O—.     -   The term “phenyl” refers to the group C₆H₅—.     -   The term“sulfonic acid” refers to the group —SO₃H.     -   The term “tetrazolyl” refers to the five membered heteroaryl of         the following formulae:

-   -    In some embodiments, the tetrazolyl group is further         substituted at either the 1 or 5 position respectively.     -   The term “thiol” denotes the group —SH.

CODON shall mean a grouping of three nucleotides (or equivalents to nucleotides) which generally comprise a nucleoside (adenosine (A), guanosine (G), cytidine (C), uridine (U) and thymidine (T)) coupled to a phosphate group and which, when translated, encodes an amino acid.

COMPOSITION shall mean a material comprising at least two compounds or two components; for example, and not limitation, a Pharmaceutical Composition is a Composition.

COMPOUND EFFICACY shall mean a measurement of the ability of a compound to inhibit or stimulate receptor functionality, as opposed to receptor binding affinity.

CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVATED RECEPTOR shall mean a receptor subject to constitutive receptor activation.

CONSTITUTIVE RECEPTOR ACTIVATION shall mean stabilization of a receptor in the active state by means other than binding of the receptor with its endogenous ligand or a chemical equivalent thereof.

CONTACT or CONTACTING shall mean bringing at least two moieties together, whether in an in vitro system or an in vivo system.

ENDOGENOUS shall mean a material that a mammal naturally produces. ENDOGENOUS in reference to, for example and not limitation, the term “receptor” shall mean that which is naturally produced by a mammal (for example, and not limitation, a human) or a virus.

In contrast, the term NON-ENDOGENOUS in this context shall mean that which is not naturally produced by a mammal (for example, and not limitation, a human) or a virus. For example, and not limitation, a receptor which is not constitutively active in its endogenous form, but when manipulated becomes constitutively active, is most preferably referred to herein as a “non-endogenous, constitutively activated receptor.” Both terms can be utilized to describe both “in vivo” and “in vitro” systems. For example, and not a limitation, in a screening approach, the endogenous or non-endogenous receptor may be in reference to an in vitro screening system. As a further example and not limitation, where the genome of a mammal has been manipulated to include a non-endogenous constitutively activated receptor, screening of a candidate compound by means of an in vivo system is viable.

INDIVIDUAL as used herein refers to any animal, including mammals, preferably mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine, cattle, sheep, horses, or primates, and most preferably humans.

INHIBIT or INHIBITING, in relationship to the term “response” shall mean that a response is decreased or prevented in the presence of a compound as opposed to in the absence of the compound.

INVERSE AGONISTS shall mean moieties that bind the endogenous form of the receptor or to the constitutively activated form of the receptor, and which inhibit the baseline intracellular response initiated by the active form of the receptor below the normal base level of activity which is observed in the absence of agonists or partial agonists, or decrease GTP binding to membranes. Preferably, the baseline intracellular response is inhibited in the presence of the inverse agonist by at least 30%, more preferably by at least 50%, and most preferably by at least 75%, as compared with the baseline response in the absence of the inverse agonist.

LIGAND shall mean an endogenous, naturally occurring molecule specific for an endogenous, naturally occurring receptor.

As used herein, the terms MODULATE or MODULATING shall mean to refer to an increase or decrease in the amount, quality, response or effect of a particular activity, function or molecule.

PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION shall mean a composition comprising at least one active ingredient, whereby the composition is amenable to investigation for a specified, efficacious outcome in a mammal (for example, and not limitation, a human). Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and appreciate the techniques appropriate for determining whether an active ingredient has a desired efficacious outcome based upon the needs of the artisan.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Compound of the Present Invention

One aspect of the present invention pertains to certain 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as shown in Formula (Ia):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein A, B, D, V, W, X, Y, Z Ar₁, and R₁ are as described herein, supra and infra.

It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination.

One aspect of the present invention encompasses N-oxides of 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives of Formula (Ia).

One aspect of the present invention encompasses 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as shown in Formula (Ia) wherein W is NR₄ and compounds may be represented by Formula (Ib) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Ib) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, R₄ is H. In some embodiments, R₄ is CH₃ or CH₂CH₃.

One aspect of the present invention encompasses 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as shown in Formula (Ia) wherein W is O, (i.e., an oxygen atom) and compounds may be represented by Formula (Ic) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Ic) has the same meaning as described herein.

One aspect of the present invention encompasses 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as shown in Formula (Ia) wherein W is S, S(O) or S(O)₂ and compounds may be represented by Formulae (Id), (Ie) and (If) respectively as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formulae (Id), (Ie) and (If) has the same meaning as described herein.

One aspect of the present invention encompasses 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as shown in Formula (Ia) wherein W is absent and compounds may be represented by Formula (Ig) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Ig) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, compounds of the present invention are of Formula (Ig) wherein V is absent and accordingly these compounds may be represented by Formula (Ih) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Ih) has the same meaning as described herein.

One aspect of the present invention encompasses 1,2,3-trisubstituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as shown in Formula (Ia) wherein W is absent and V is ethynylene. Compounds may be represented by Formula (Ii) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Ii) has the same meaning as described herein.

In some embodiments, V is C₁₋₃ alkylene optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy and halogen. In some embodiments, V is a methylene group (i.e., —CH₂—). In some embodiments, V is an ethylene group (i.e., —CH₂CH₂—). In some embodiments, V is a methylene and W is an oxygen atom. In some embodiments, V is methylene and W is a NR₄ group. In some embodiments, V is methylene and W is a NH group. In some embodiments, V is ethylene and W is an oxygen atom. In some embodiments, V is ethylene and W is a NR₄ group. In some embodiments, V is ethylene and W is a NH group.

In some embodiments, V is C₁₋₂ heteroalkylene optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy and halogen. In some embodiments, V is —OCH₂CH₂—. In some embodiments, V is —OCH₂CH₂— and W is an oxygen atom and may be represented by the formula: —OCH₂CH₂O—. In some embodiments, V is —OCH₂CH₂— and W is a NH group and may be represented by the formula:—OCH₂CH₂NH—.

In some embodiments, V is absent and may be represented by Formula (Ij) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Ij) has the same meaning as described herein.

In some embodiments, A and B are both methylene wherein A and B are optionally substituted with 1 to 2 methyl groups and therefore form a four-membered nitrogen containing ring. In some embodiments, compounds of the invention may be represented by Formula (Ik) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Ik) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, D is —CHR₂—.

In some embodiments, A is ethylene and B is methylene wherein A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups and B is optionally substituted with 1 to 2 methyl groups. In some embodiments, compounds of the invention may be represented by Formula (Im) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Im) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, D is —CHR₂—. In some embodiments, R₂ is C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl.

In some embodiments, A is propylene and B is methylene wherein A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups and B is optionally substituted with 1 to 2 methyl groups. In some embodiments, compounds of the invention may be represented by Formula (In) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (In) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, D is —CHR₂—.

In some embodiments, A and B are both ethylene wherein A and B are optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups. In some embodiments, compounds of the invention may be represented by Formula (Io) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Io) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, D is —CHR₂—.

In some embodiments, A is propylene and B is ethylene wherein A and B are optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups. In some embodiments, compounds of the invention may be represented by Formula (Ip) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Ip) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, D is —CHR₂—.

In some embodiments, A and B are both propylene wherein A and B are optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups. In some embodiments, compounds of the invention may be represented by Formula (Iq) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Iq) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, D is —CHR₂—.

In some embodiments, D is O, S, S(O) or S(O)₂. In some embodiments, D is S, S(O) or S(O)₂; and A and B are independently optionally substituted with 1 or 2 methyl groups. In some embodiments, A and B are ethylene groups. In some embodiments, A and B are ethylene groups substituted with 2 methyl groups and D is an oxygen atom (i.e., forming a 2,6-dimethyl-morpholin-4-yl group).

In some embodiments, D is CR₂R₃.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C(O)CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH(CH₃)₂, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, OC(O)CH₃, OC(O)CH₂CH₃, OC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, OCH₃, OCH₂CH₃, OCH₂CH₂CH₃, OCH(CH₃)₂, OCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂(CH₂)₃CH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₂CH₃, C(O)NHCH₂CH₂CH₃, C(O)NHCH(CH₃)₂, C(O)NHCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CO₂CH₃, CO₂CH₂CH₃, CO₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CO₂CH(CH₃)₂ and CO₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C(O)CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH(CH₃)₂, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, OC(O)CH₃, OC(O)CH₂CH₃, OC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, OCH₃, OCH₂CH₃, OCH₂CH₂CH₃, OCH(CH₃)₂, OCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂(CH₂)₃CH₃, C(O)NH₂, CO₂CH₃, CO₂CH₂CH₃, CO₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CO₂CH(CH₃)₂, CO₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, and CO₂H.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of SCH₃, SCH₂CH₃, SCH₂CH₂CH₃, SCH(CH₃)₂, SCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, S(O)CH₃, S(O)CH₂CH₃, S(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)CH(CH₃)₂, S(O)CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂, S(O)₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, OCF₃, OCHF₂, CF₃, CHF₂ and F.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of S(O)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂, S(O)₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, hydroxyl, and F.

In some embodiments, R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl, or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-alkylene, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of CH₂OCH₃, CH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂OCH₂CH₃, CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂OCH(CH₃)₂, CH₂OCH₂CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CH₂CO₂H, CH₂OH, CH₂CH₂OH and CH₂CH₂CH₂OH.

In some embodiments, R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl, heteroaryl or phenyl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₈₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of CH₂OCH₃, CH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂OCH₂CH₃, CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂OCH(CH₃)₂, CH₂OCH₂CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CH₂CO₂H, CH₂OH, CH₂CH₂OH and CH₂CH₂CH₂OH.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of CH₂SCH₃, CH₂SCH₂CH₃, CH₂SCH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂SCH(CH₃)₂, CH₂SCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂SCH₃, CH₂CH₂SCH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂SCH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂SCH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂SCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂S(O)CH₃, CH₂S(O)CH₂CH₃, CH₂S(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂S(O)CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂S(O)CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂S(O)₂CH₃, CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂S(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂S(O)₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂ and CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of CH₂OCH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopentyl and CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 5-ethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 3-ethyl-1,2,446 azol-5-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 3-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl and 5-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-isopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-propyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-1-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, and 3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl.

In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-propyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-isopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, and 3-(t-butyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl.

In some embodiments, R₂ is a heteroaryl comprising 5-atoms in the aromatic ring and are represented by the following formulae:

TABLE 2A

wherein the 5-membered heteroaryl is bonded at any available position of the ring, for example, a imidazolyl ring can be bonded at one of the ring nitrogens (i.e., imidazol-1-yl group) or at one of the ring carbons (i.e., imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl or imiadazol-5-yl group).

In some embodiments, R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.

In some embodiments, compounds of the present invention are of the following formula:

wherein R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₅-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; and R₃ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl.

In some embodiments, R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and halogen; and R₃ is hydrogen.

In some embodiments, R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with lor 2 C₁₋₈ alkyl substituents; and R₃ is hydrogen.

In some embodiments, R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂CH₃, C(CH₃)₃; and R₃ is hydrogen.

In some embodiments, R₂ is a fused heteroaryl group containing to aromatic rings wherein at least one is a heteroaryl ring, such as, benzofuranyl, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, indole, benzothiophenyl. In some embodiments, R₂ is a benzofuran-2-yl group.

In some embodiments, R₂ is a heterocyclic represented, for example, by the formulae in TABLE 2B.

TABLE 2B

It is understood that any one of the heterocyclic groups shown in TABLES 2B to 2E may be bonded at any available ring carbon or ring nitrogen as allowed by the respective formula. For example, a 2,5-dioxo-imidazolidinyl group may be bonded at the ring carbon or at either of the two ring nitrogens to give the following formulae respectively:

In some embodiments, R₂ is a heterocyclic represented, for example, by the formulae in TABLE 2C.

TABLE 2C

In some embodiments, R₂ is a heterocyclic represented, for example, by the formulae in TABLE 2D.

TABLE 2D

In some embodiments, R₂ is a heterocyclic represented, for example, by the formulae in TABLE 2E.

TABLE 2E

In some embodiments, R₂ is a heterocyclic represented, for example, by the formulae in TABLE 2F wherein the C₁₋₆ alkyl group on the respective ring nitrogen atoms may be the same or different.

TABLE 2F

In some embodiments, R₂ is a heterocyclic represented, for example, by the formulae in TABLE 2G wherein the C₁₋₆ alkyl group on the respective ring nitrogen atoms may be the same or different.

TABLE 2G

In some embodiments, D is CR₂R₃ and R₂ is —Ar₂-Ar₃ wherein Ar₂ and Ar₃ are independently aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl and nitro. In some embodiments, Ar₂ is a heteroaryl and Ar₃ is phenyl. In some embodiments, compounds of the present invention are represented by Formula (Ir) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Ir) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, compounds of the present invention are of Formula (Ir) wherein R₃ is H.

In some embodiments, Ar₂ is a heteroaryl comprising 5-atoms in the aromatic ring and are represented by the following formulae:

TABLE 3

wherein the 5-membered heteroaryl is bonded at any available position of the ring, for example, a imidazolyl ring can be bonded at one of the ring nitrogens (i.e., imidazol-1-yl group) or at one of the ring carbons (i.e., imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl or imidazol-5-yl group) and Ar₃ is bonded to any remaining available ring atom.

In some embodiments, Ar₂ is a heteroaryl and Ar₃ is phenyl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl and phenyl are optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl and nitro.

In some embodiments, D is CR₂R₃ and R₂ is Formula (B):

wherein:

R₁₄ is C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₁₅ is F, Cl, Br or CN. In some embodiments, R₁₄ is C₁₋₈ alkyl and R₁₅ is F, Cl or CN.

In some embodiments, D is CR₂R₃ and R₂ is Formula (C):

wherein:

G is C═O, CR₁₆R₁₇, O, S, S(O), S(O)₂; where R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently H or C₁₋₈ alkyl; and Ar₄ is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.

In some embodiments, R₂ is Formula (C) wherein G is C═O, CR₁₆R₁₇, O, S, S(O), S(O)₂; wherein R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently H or C₁₋₂ alkyl; and Ar₄ is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, and halogen.

In some embodiments, G is C═O, CH₂ or O. In some embodiments, G is S, S(O) or S(O)₂.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is 2-pyridyl.

In some embodiments, compounds of the present invention are represented by Formula (Is) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Is) has the same meaning as described herein.

In some embodiments, D is CR₂R₃, R₂ is Formula (C) and G is C═O, CR₁₆R₁₇ or O. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is a 5-membered heteroaryl, for example, as shown in TABLE 2A supra. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is a 6-membered heteroaryl, for example, the 6-membered heteroaryls as shown in TABLE 4:

TABLE 4

wherein the heteroaryl group is bonded at any ring carbon. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is 2-pyridyl. In some embodiments, D is CR₂R₃, R₂ is Formula (C), G is CR₁₆R₁₇ and R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently H or C₁₋₂ alkyl.

In some embodiments, D is CR₂R₃, R₂ is Formula (C) and G is S, S(O) or S(O)₂.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is a 5-membered heteroaryl, for example, as shown in TABLE 2A, supra.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is a 6-membered heteroaryl, for example, as shown in TABLE 4, supra.

In some embodiments, Ar₄ is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is 2-pyridyl.

In some embodiments, R₃ is H.

In some embodiments, D is N—R₂. In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl and C₁₋₄ haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C(O)CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH(CH₃)₂, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂(CH₂)₃CH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₂CH₃, C(O)NHCH₂CH₂CH₃, C(O)NHCH(CH₃)₂, C(O)NHCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CO₂CH₃, CO₂CH₂CH₃, CO₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CO₂CH(CH₃)₂ and CO₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃. In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of S(O)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂, S(O)₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, CH₂CF₃, CF₃ and CHF₂.

In some embodiments, D is N—R₂ and R₂ is H, or carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy. In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of CO₂CH₃, CO₂CH₂CH₃, CO₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CO₂CH(CH₃)₂ and CO₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃. In some embodiments, R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, and carboxy. In some embodiments, R₂ is CH₂CO₂Et, or CH₂CH₂CO₂H. In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂ and CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃.

In some embodiments, D is N—R₂ wherein R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl, heteroaryl or phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro. In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of CH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CH₂OH and CH₂CH₂CH₂OH. In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of CH₂CH₂SCH₃, CH₂CH₂SCH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂SCH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂SCH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂SCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂S(O)CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂ and CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃. In some embodiments, R₂ is selected from the group consisting of 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 5-ethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 3-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 3-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl and 5-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl.

In some embodiments, D is N—R₂ and R₂ is —Ar₂-Ar₃ wherein Ar₂ and Ar₃ are independently aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl and nitro. In some embodiments, compounds of the present invention are represented by Formula (It) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (It) has the same meaning as described herein. In some embodiments, Ar₂ is a heteroaryl and Ar₃ is phenyl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl and phenyl are optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl and nitro.

In some embodiments, D is N—R₂ wherein R₂ is Formula (C):

wherein:

G is C═O or CR₁₆R₁₇; where R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently H or C₁₋₈ alkyl; and Ar₄ is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro. In some embodiments, compounds of the present invention are represented by Formula (Iu) as shown below:

wherein each variable in Formula (Iu) has the same meaning as described herein.

In some embodiments, D is N—R₂, R₂ is Formula (C) and G is C═O. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is a 5-membered heteroaryl, for example, as shown in TABLE 2A, supra. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is a 6-membered heteroaryl, for example, as shown in TABLE 4, supra. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is 2-pyridyl.

In some embodiments, D is N—R₂ wherein R₂ is Formula (C) and G is CR₁₆R₁₇. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃ heteroalkylene, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is a 5-membered heteroaryl, for example, as shown in TABLE 2A, supra. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is a 6-membered heteroaryl, for example, as shown in TABLE 4, supra. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. In some embodiments, Ar₄ is 2-pyridyl. In some embodiments, D is N—R₂ wherein R₂ is Formula (C), G is CR₁₆R₁₇ and R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently H or C₁₋₂ alkyl.

In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, amino, cyano, C₄₋₈ diacylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, formyl, halogen, heterocyclic, and nitro wherein C₁₋₈ alkyl and C₁₋₅ acyl are each optionally substituted with 1, or 2 groups selected from the group consisting of C₂₋₄ dialkylmino, hydroxy, and halogen.

In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of nitro, amino, formyl, NHC(O)CF₃, Br, NHC(O)CH₃, N(C(O)CH₃)₂, N(S(O)₂CH₃)₂, CH₃, [1,3]dioxolan-2-yl, CH₂OH, CH₂N(CH₃)₂, and C(O)CH₃.

In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, aryl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylcarboxamide, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino, nitro and tetrazolyl, wherein C₁₋₈ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, formyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.

In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, aryl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylcarboxamide, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino, nitro and tetrazolyl.

In some embodiments, Z is a heterocyclic group. In some embodiments, Z is a 5-membered heterocyclic group containing two oxygen atoms.

In some embodiments, Z is an alkyl group optionally substituted C₂₋₄-dialkylamino or hydroxy.

In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of formyl, NHC(O)CH₃, NHC(O)CH₂CH₃, NHC(O)CH(CH₃)₂, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂₅CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, NHC(O)CF₃, carboxy, CF₃, CF₂CF₃, nitro and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl.

In some embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of carboxy, CF₃, nitro and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl.

In some embodiments, Z is [1,3]-dioxolan-2-yl.

In some embodiments, Z is a formyl group.

In some embodiments, Z is a carboxy group.

In some embodiments, Z is a —CH₂OH group.

In some embodiments, Z is a —CH₂N(CH₃)₂ group.

In some embodiments, Z is Formula (A):

wherein:

R₇ is H, C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₉ is H, nitro or nitrile. In some embodiments, R₇ is H or C₁₋₈ alkyl.

In some embodiments, R₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, amino, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl and C₁₋₄ haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R₁ is H or amino.

In some embodiments, R₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₈ alkyl, and amino.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is aryl optionally substituted with R₉-R₁₃. In some embodiments, Ar₁ is phenyl.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Ar₁ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with R₉-R₁₃. In some embodiments, Ar₁ is a heteroaryl selected from TABLE 2A. In some embodiments, Ar₁ is a heteroaryl selected from TABLE 4 or an N-oxide thereof. In some embodiments, compounds of the invention are of Formula (Iv):

wherein A, B, D, V, W, X, Y, Z, R₁, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁ and R₁₂ have the same meaning as described herein, supra and infra.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is heteroaryl and R₉ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide and sulfonamide.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, arylsulfonyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, and carboxamide.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of C(O)CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH(CH₃)₂, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, OCH₃, OCH₂CH₃, OCH₂CH₂CH₃, OCH(CH₃)₂, OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CH₂(CH₂)₃CH₃, CH₂(CH₂)₄—CH₃, CH₂(CH₂)₅CH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₂CH₃, C(O)NHCH₂CH₂CH₃, C(O)NHCH(CH₃)₂, C≡CH, S(O)₂NHCH₃, S(O)₂NHCH₂CH₃, S(O)₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂, S(O)₂NHCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, S(O)₂NHCH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂, S(O)₂N(Et)(CH₃), S(O)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂, S(O)₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, SCH₃, SCH₂CH₃, SCH₂CH₂CH₃, SCH(CH₃)₂, SCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, amino, S(O)₂Ph, N(CH₃)₂, N(CH₃)(Et), N(Et)₂ and C(O)NH₂.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, and C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, Cl, F, Br, OCF₃, OCHF₂, OCH₂CF₃, CF₃, CHF₂, CH₂CF₃, SCF₃, SCHF₂ and SCH₂CF₃.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of CN, CO₂Me, CO₂Et, S(O)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CF₃, N(CH₃)₂, N(Et)₂, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)NHEt, C(O)N(CH₃)₂, OH, OCH₃, and OEt.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic, heterocyclicsulfonyl, heteroaryl, hydroxy, C₄₋₇ oxo-cycloalkyl, phenoxy and phenyl.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, halogen and sulfonamide.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of C(O)CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, C(O)CH(CH₃)₂, C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, OCH₃, OCH₂CH₃, OCH₂CH₂CH₃, OCH(CH₃)₂, OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃ CH₂(CH₂)₃CH₃, CH₂(CH₂)₄CH₃, CH₂(CH₂)₅CH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₂CH₃, C(O)NHCH₂CH₂CH₃, C(O)NHCH(CH₃)₂, C(O)NHCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, CCH, S(O)₂NHCH₃, S(O)₂NHCH₂CH₃, S(O)₂NHCH₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂, S(O)₂NHCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, S(O)₂NHCH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, S(O)CH₃, S(O)CH₂CH₃, S(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)CH(CH₃)₂, S(O)CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, S(O)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂, S(O)₂CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, SCH₃, SCH₂CH₃, SCH₂CH₂CH₃, SCH(CH₃)₂ and SCH₂(CH₂)₂CH₃.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of amino, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of phenylsulfonyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, Cl, F, Br, OCF₃, OCHF₂, OCH₂CF₃, CF₃, CHF₂, CH₂CF₃, SCF₃, SCHF₂ and SCH₂CF₃.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic, heteroaryl, C₄₋₇ oxo-cycloalkyl, phenoxy and phenyl. In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of morpholin-4-yl, thiomorpholin-4-yl, 1-oxo-1λ⁴-thiomorpholin-4-yl, 1,1-Dioxo-1λ⁶-thiomorpholin-4-yl, piperazin-1-yl, 4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-1-yl, 4-propyl-piperazin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl, 2,4-dioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl, 4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl, 3-methyl-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl, 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl, 3-methyl-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl, 3-ethyl-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl, 3-ethyl-2,4-dioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl, and 3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-5-yl.

In some embodiments, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of 1H-imidazol-4-yl, [1,2,4]triazol-1-yl, [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl, [1,2,4]triazol-4-yl, pyrrol-1-yl, pyrazol-1-yl, 1H-pyrazol-3-yl, imidazol-1-yl, oxazol-5-yl, oxazol-2-yl, [1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl, [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl, [1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl, [1,2,4]thiadiazol-3-yl, tetrazol-1-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrazin-2-yl, 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl and [1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl.

In some embodiments, R₉ is C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₁₋₄ alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, heterocyclic, hydroxyl and phenyl.

In some embodiments, R₉ is C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, carboxamide, heteroaryl, heterocyclic and phenyl.

In some embodiments, R₉ is C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl substituted with the heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of 1H-imidazol-4-yl, [1,2,4]triazol-1-yl, [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl, [1,2,4]triazol-4-yl, pyrrol-1-yl, pyrazol-1-yl, 1H-pyrazol-3-yl, imidazol-1-yl, oxazol-5-yl, oxazol-2-yl, [1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl, [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl, [1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl, [1,2,4]thiadiazol-3-yl, tetrazol-1-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrazin-2-yl, 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl and [1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl.

In some embodiments, R₉ is arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, phenoxy or phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, R₉ is arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, phenoxy or phenyl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, cyano, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, R₉ is a heterocyclic group as described herein.

In some embodiments, R₉ is a heterocyclic group represented by the formulae shown in Table 2B, supra. In some embodiments, R₉ is a heterocyclic group represented by the formulae shown in Table 2C, supra. In some embodiments, R₉ is a heterocyclic group represented by the formulae shown in Table 2D, supra. In some embodiments, R₉ is a heterocyclic group represented by the formulae shown in Table 2E, supra. In some embodiments, R₉ is a heterocyclic group represented by the formulae shown in Table 2F, supra. In some embodiments, R₉ is a heterocyclic group represented by the formulae shown in Table 2G, supra.

In some embodiments, R₉ is of Formula (D):

wherein:

“p” and “r” are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and R₁₈ is H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, heteroaryl or phenyl, and wherein the heteroaryl or phenyl may be optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, amino, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, R₉ is of Formula (D) wherein “p” and “r” are independently 0, or 1; and R₁₈ is H, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, heteroaryl or phenyl, and wherein the heteroaryl and phenyl are each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, amino, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, p=0 and r=0.

In some embodiments, R₁₈ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, amino, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and hydroxyl.

In some embodiments, p=0 and r=1.

In some embodiments, R₁₈ is carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy or carboxy.

In some embodiments, p=0 and r=0.

In some embodiments, R₁₈ is heteroaryl or phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, amino, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and hydroxyl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of 1H-imidazol-4-yl, [1,2,4]triazol-1-yl, [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl, [1,2,4]triazol-4-yl, pyrrol-1-yl, pyrazol-1-yl, 1H-pyrazol-3-yl, imidazol-1-yl, oxazol-5-yl, oxazol-2-yl, [1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl, [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl, [1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl, [1,2,4]thiadiazol-3-yl, tetrazol-1-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrazin-2-yl, 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl and [1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl.

In some embodiments, p=2 and r=1. In some embodiments, R₁₈ is H, C₁₋₅ acyl or C₁₋₈ alkyl.

In some embodiments, R₁₀-R₁₃ are independently C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy and C₁₋₄ haloalkyl.

In some embodiments, one or two R₁₀-R₁₃ groups are independently halogen. In some embodiments, one R₁₀-R₁₃ group is a halogen.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is phenyl and R₉ is substituted at the para position on the phenyl.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is phenyl optionally substituted with R₉, R₁₀ and R₁₁. In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention are of Formula (Iw):

wherein A, B, D, V, W, X, Y, Z, R₁ have the same meaning as described herein, supra and infra, and R₉ is cyano, carbo-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, carboxy, C₂₋₆ dialkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, 5-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl, or heterocyclic, wherein the 6-membered heteoaryl is optionally an N-oxide; and R₁₀ and R₁₁ are independently H or halogen. In some embodiments, R₉ is cyano, carbomethoxy, carboethoxy, carboisopropoxy, carboxy, dimethylamino, diethylamino, methylethylamino, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₂CH₃, C(O)NH(CH₃)₂, S(O)₂CH₃, S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, hydroxyl, OCH₃, [1,2,4]triazol-4-yl, thiazol-2-yl, 3H-imidazol-4-yl, 1H-imidazol-2-yl, 1H-imidazol-4-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, 1-oxy-pyridin-2-yl, 1-oxy-pyridin-3-yl, 1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl, or 2-oxo-oxazolidin-4-yl. In some embodiments, R₁₀ is H and R₁₁ is F.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is phenyl and two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups form a 5, 6 or 7 membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclic group with the phenyl group wherein the 5, 6 or 7 membered group is optionally substituted with halogen.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is phenyl and two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups form a 5, 6 or 7 membered cycloalkyl group with the phenyl group and is of the formulae shown below:

TABLE 5

wherein “a” is 1, 2 or 3 to give a 5, 6 or 7 membered cycloalkyl fused together with the phenyl group where two of the ring carbons are shared between the cycloalkyl and phenyl group. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, the halogen is fluorine.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is phenyl and two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups form a 5, 6 or 7 membered cycloalkenyl group with the phenyl group and is of the formulae shown in TABLE 5 and has at least one carbon-carbon ring double bond present that is not part of the phenyl group (i.e., cycloalkenyl), for example, 1H-Indenyl and dihydro-naphthyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkenyl is optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, the halogen is fluorine.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is phenyl and two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups form a 5, 6 or 7 heterocyclic group with the phenyl group and is of the formulae in TABLE 5 wherein one or more ring cycloalkyl carbons are replaced by a O, S, S(O), S(O)₂, NH or N—C₁₋₄-alkyl group. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, the halogen is fluorine.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is phenyl and two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups form a 5 membered heterocyclic group with the phenyl group. In some embodiments, the 5 membered heterocyclic group with the phenyl group together form a 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl or benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl group. In some embodiments, the two adjacent groups form a 6 membered heterocyclic group with the phenyl group. In some embodiments, the 6 membered heterocyclic group with the phenyl group together form a 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl or 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl group. In some embodiments, the two adjacent groups form a 7 membered heterocyclic group with the phenyl group. In some embodiments, the 7 membered heterocyclic group with the phenyl group together form a 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-7-yl group.

In some embodiments, Ar₁ is heteroaryl and two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups form a 5, 6 or 7 membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclic group with the heteroaryl group wherein the 5, 6 or 7 membered group is optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, An is a heteroaryl selected from TABLE 2A. In some embodiments, Ar₁ is a heteroaryl selected from TABLE 4. In some embodiments, the two adjacent groups form a 5 membered heterocyclic group with the heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, the two adjacent groups form a 6 membered heterocyclic group with the heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, the two adjacent groups form a 7 membered heterocyclic group with the heteroaryl group.

In some embodiments, R₅ is H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, arylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, nitro, C₄₋₇ oxo-cycloalkyl, sulfonamide and nitro.

In some embodiments, R₅ and R₆ are independently H or F.

In some embodiments, X is N and Y is CH.

In some embodiments, X is N and Y is CF.

In some embodiments, X is CH and Y is N.

In some embodiments, X and Y are N.

In some embodiments, X and Y are CH.

In some embodiments, X is CH and Y is CF.

Some embodiments of the present invention include compounds illustrated in TABLES A, B, C, D and E; these TABLES are shown below.

TABLE A Cmpd# Structure Chemical Name A1

1-[6-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-1-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A2

l-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A3

l-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A4

1-[6-(Benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-5- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A5

1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-acetyl)- phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A6

1-[5-Amino-6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A7

1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro- acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A8

Propionic acid 1-[2-amino-5-formyl- 6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidin-4-yl ester A9

4-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A10

l-[6-(2-Methyl-S-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester A11

2,6-Dimethyl-4-[6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-morpholine A12

1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A13

1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide A14

1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol- 3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A15

4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-piperidin- 1-yl-pyrimidine A16

1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A17

1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A18

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A19

1-[5-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A20

1-[5-Acetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A21

1-[5-Diacetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A22

1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid A23

1-{5-Nitro-6-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl- phenyl)-ethoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A24

1-{5-Nitro-6-[2-(3-trifluoromethyl- phenyl)-ethoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A25

1-[5-Di-(methanesulfonyl)amino-6- (2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A26

1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A27

1-[5-Methyl-6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A28

1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A29

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A30

1-[6-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A31

1-[6-(2,5-Dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A32

1-[6-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A33

1-[6-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A34

1-[6-(4-Carbamoyl-phenoxy)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A35

1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)- phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A36

1-[6-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A37

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-pyrrol-1-yl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A38

1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A39

1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy- benzenesulfonyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A40

1-[6-(4′-Cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A41

1-[6-(2-Amino-4-ethanesulfonyl- phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A42

1-{6-[4-(5-Hydroxy-pyrimidin-2- yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A43

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-sulfo-phenoxy)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A44

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A45

1-[6-(4-Carbamoylmethyl- phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A46

1-{6-[4-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro- isoindol-2-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A47

1-[6-(4′-Methoxy-biphenyl-4- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A48

1-{6-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-imidazolidin- 4-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A49

4-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)- 6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl- 2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidine A50

1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(4-oxo- cyclohexyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin- 4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A51

1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)- phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A52

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propionyl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A53

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol- 4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A54

1-{6-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)- phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A55

{4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1- yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]- phenyl}-phenyl-methanone A56

3-{4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin- 1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]- phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester A57

2-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1- yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-5- ethanesulfonyl-phenylamine A58

4-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-6- (4,4-difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5- nitro-pyrimidine A59

1-[6-(2,6-Dichloro-4- methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A60

1-{6-[4-(4-Chloro-benzoyl)- phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A61

1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzoyl)- phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A62

1-[6-(4-Cyanomethyl-phenoxy)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A63

(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl- ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)- phenyl-methanone A64

4-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl- ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)- butan-2-one A65

3-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl- ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-3- oxo-propionic acid methyl ester A66

4-(4-Methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2- methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidine A67

4-(4-Bromo-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2 methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidine A68

4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl- 2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6- (4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)- pyrimidine A69

1-(6-(2-Methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide A70

1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-oxo-2H- chromen-6-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A71

1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-oxo- benzo[1,3]oxathiol-6-yloxy)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A72

1-[6-(9H-Carbazol-2-yloxy)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A73

1-[5-Nitro-6-(9-oxo-9H-(fluoren- 2-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A74

1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)- phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A75

1-[6-[4-(3-Oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]- 5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A76

1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(hydroxy- phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]- pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A77

1-[6-(2-Benzoyl-5-methoxy- phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A78

1-[6-(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yloxy)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A79

1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A80

1-[6-(4-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A81

1-[6-(3-Morpholin-4-yl- phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A82

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4- trifluoromethylsulfanyl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A83

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4- trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A84

1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5- (2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A85

{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl- piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4- yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl- methanone A86

{4-Methoxy-2-[5-nitro-6-(4- propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin- 4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl- methanone A87

4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl- piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4- yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one A88

5-Nitro-4-(4-propyl-piperidin-1- yl)-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl- phenoxy)-pyrimidine A89

3-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl- piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4- yloxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester A90

5-Ethanesulfonyl-2-[5-nitro-6-(4- propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin- 4-yloxy]-phenylamine A91

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl- phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile A92

1-[6-(4-Difluoromethoxy- benzyloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A93

1-[6-(3-Difluoromethoxy- benzyloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A94

2-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidin-4-yl}-ethanol A95

3-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidin-4-yl}-propionic acid A96

4-[4-(4-Methyl-benzyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine A97

4-(3-Methanesulfonyl-pyrrolidin- 1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine A98

4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl- 2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6- [4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine A99

4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl- 2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6- [4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine A100

4′-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro- 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1,2′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A101

3′-Nitro-4′-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)- phenoxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1,2′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A102

4′-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl- acetyl)-phenoxy]-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6- tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A103

4′-(2-Amino-4-ethanesulfonyl- phenoxy)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6- tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A104

4′-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-3′- nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1,2′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A105

4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl- 2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6- (4-trifluoromethyl-piperidin-1- yl)-pyrimidine A106

4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl- 2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6- (4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1- yl)-pyrimidine A107

1-[6-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A108

1-[6-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro- phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A109

1-[6-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A110

1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro- phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A111

4-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6- (4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)- pyrimidine A112

4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)- 5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1- yl)-pyrimidine A113

4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5- nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)- pyrimidine A114

4-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)- 5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1- yl)-pyrimidine A115

3′-Nitro-2′-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)- phenoxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1,4′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A116

4-[4-(3′-Nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6- tetrahydro-2H-[1,4′]bipyridinyl- 2-yloxy)-phenyl]-butan-2-one A117

2′-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro- 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1,4′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A118

4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2- ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]- pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)- butan-2-one A119

[4-(3′-Nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6- tetrahydro-2H-[1,4′]bipyridinyl- 2′-yloxy)-phenyl]-phenyl- methanone A120

4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(2- trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4- yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one A121

4-(4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}- phenyl)-butan-2-one A122

(4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}- phenyl)-phenyl-methanone A123

1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)- phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A124

(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{4-[5-nitro-6- (4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)- pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}- methanone A125

4-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol- 5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2- methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidine A126

4-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1- yl)-6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine A127

4-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl- piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}- butan-2-one A128

4-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine A129

4-{4-[6-(4-Ethoxymethyl- piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}- butan-2-one A130

4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5- nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine A131

(4-Methoxy-2-{5-nitro-6-[4- (pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}- phenyl)-phenyl-methanone A132

4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-6-(4- ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5- nitro-pyrimidine A133

4-{4-[6-(4- Cyclopropylmethoxymethyl- piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}- butan-2-one A134

4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4- propoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)- pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}- butan-2-one A135

l-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl- piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}- ethanone A136

4-{4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl- piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy)- phenyl}-butan-2-one A137

1-{4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl- piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]- phenyl}-ethanone A138

{4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl- piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]- phenyl}-phenyl-methanone A139

3-{4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl- piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]- phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester A140

4-{4-[6-(4-Butoxymethyl- piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}- butan-2-one A141

4-{4-[6-(4-Isobutoxymethyl- piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}- butan-2-one A142

(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-[4-(3′-nitro-4- propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1,2′]bipyridinyl-4′-yloxy)- phenyl]-methanone A143

4-[4-(3′-Nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6- tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl- 4′-yloxy)-phenyl]-butan-2-one A144

3′-Nitro-4-propyl-4′-(4- [1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenoxy)- 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1,2′]bipyridinyl A145

l-{2-Nitro-3-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)- phenoxy]-phenyl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A146

l-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-2- nitro-phenyl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A147

{4-[6-(4-Ethoxy-piperidin-1-yl)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]- phenyl}-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- methanone A148

l-[6-(2-Methyl-5- trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3- yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidin-4-ol A149

1-[6-(4-Acetyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester A150

(1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)- phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl}-piperidin-4-yl)-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-methanone A151

4-(4-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)- butan-2-one A152

4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy) 5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2- ylsulfanyl)-cyclohexyl]- pyrimidine A153

4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)- 5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4- ylsulfanyl)-cyclohexyl]- pyrimidine A154

4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)- 5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl- cyclohexyl)-pyrimidine A155

l-[5-Nitro-6-(4- trifluoromethylsulfanyl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A156

5-[1,3 ]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3- isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)- piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)- pyrimidine A157

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl- phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5- carbaldehyde A158

5-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3- isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)- piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4- [1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)- pyrimidine A159

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl- phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5- carbaldehyde A160

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl)-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl- phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5- carboxylic acid A161

[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]- methanol A162

[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl]- dimethyl-amine A163

4-[4-(3-tert-Butyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(6-methanesulfonyl- pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-nitro- pyrimidine A164

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl- phenoxy)-2-methyl-pyrimidine- 5-carbonitrile A165

1-[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]- ethanone

TABLE B Cmpd # Structure Chemical Name B1 

1-{6-[(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)- amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B2 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B3 

(5-Nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidin- 4-yl)-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)- amine B4 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl- benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B5 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl- benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B6 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl- benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B7 

(5-Nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidin- 4-yl)-(2-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)- amine B8 

(5-Nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidin- 4-yl)-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)- amine B9 

1-[5-Amino-6-(3-trifluoromethyl- benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B10 

1-[5-Amino-6-(4-trifluoromethyl- benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B11 

1-[6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B12 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl- phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B13 

1-[6-(Methyl-phenyl-amino)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B14 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy- phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B15 

1-[6-(4-Fluoro-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B16 

1-[6-(3,5-Difluoro-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B17 

1-[6-(3,5-Dichloro-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B18 

1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B19 

1-[6-(2-Bromo-4-trifluoromethoxy- phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B20 

1-[6-(2-Fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B21 

1-[6-(3-Fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B22 

1-{6-[(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-methyl- amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B23 

1-[6-(Ethyl-phenyl-amino)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B24 

1-{6-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-methyl- amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B25 

1-[6-(4-Difluoromethyl- benzylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B26 

1-{6-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin- 6-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B27 

1-{6-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin- 2-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B28 

1-{6-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5- ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin- 4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B29 

1-{6-[(6-Fluoro-4H- benzo[1,3]dioxin-8-ylmethyl)- amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B30 

1-[6-(3,4-Dihydro-2H- benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-7-ylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B31 

1-{6-[4-(Morpholine-4-sulfonyl)- phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B32 

1-[6-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol- 4-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B33 

1-[6-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol- 5-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B34 

1-[6-(1,1-Dioxo-1H-1λ⁶- benzo[b]thiophen-6-ylamino)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B35 

1-{6-[(Furan-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B36 

1-{6-[2-(4-Methoxy-phenoxy)- ethylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B37 

1-{6-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)- ethylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B38 

(3,4-Dihydro-2H- benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-7-yl)-[5-nitro- 6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine B39 

(3-Fluoro-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4- propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4- yl]-amine B40 

(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4- propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4- yl]-amine B41 

1-{6-[(3-Fluoro-phenyl)-methyl- amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B42 

1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B43 

1-{6-[4-(1,1-Dioxo-1λ⁶- thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)- phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B44 

1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl- phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B45 

1-[6-(4-Dimethylsulfamoyl- phenylamine)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B46 

1-[6-(3-Methoxy-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B47 

1-[6-(2-Methoxy-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B48 

1-[6-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl- phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4- yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B49 

1-[6-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenylamino)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B50 

1-[6-(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzylamino)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B51 

[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- benzyl)-amine B52 

(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzyl)-[5-nitro-6- (4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin- 4-yl]-amine B53 

(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2- ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin- 4-ylamino}-phenyl)-phenyl- methanone B54 

(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl- phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin- 4-ylamino}-phenyl)-phenyl- methanone B55 

1-[6-(4-Cyano-phenylamino)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B56 

1-[6-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenylamino)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B57 

1-[6-(4-sec-Butyl-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B58 

1-[6-(4-Heptyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B59 

2′-(4-Benzoyl-phenylamino)-3′-nitro- 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- [1,4′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B60 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B61 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-pentyl-phenylamino)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B62 

1-{6-[4-(3-Carboxy-propyl)- phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B63 

1-{6-[4-(Cyano-phenyl-methyl)- phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B64 

1-[6-(4-Cyclohexyl-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B65 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl- phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B66 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4- trifluoromethanesulfonyl-phenylamino)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B67 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl- phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B68 

[6-(4-Ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B69 

[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl- phenyl)-amine B70 

{5-Nitro-6-[4-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4- [1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine B71 

(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-methyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine B72 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{6-[4-(3- methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine B73 

{6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)- piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- (4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine B74 

1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl- phenoxy)-phenylamino]-pyrimidin-4- yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B75 

{6-[4-(3-Ethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)- piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- (2-fluoro-phenyl)-amine B76 

{6-[4-(2-Methoxy-phenylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)- (4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine B77 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6- [4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1- yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine B78 

(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4- (pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]- pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine B79 

Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-[5-nitro-6-(4- propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- amine B80 

(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{1-[5-nitro-6-(4- [1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenylamino)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}- methanone B81 

[5-Nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin- 1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(4-[1,2,4]triazol- 1-yl-phenyl)-amine B82 

(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{1-[6-(2-fluoro- phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidin-4-yl}-methanone B83 

1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-phenyl-2H- pyrazol-3-ylamino)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B84 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[5- nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl- piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- amine B85 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5- nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B86 

{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)- piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin- 4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl- phenyl)-amine B87 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5- nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B88 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5- nitro-6-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B89 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5- nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B90 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{6- [4-(4-methoxy-phenylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin- 4-yl}-amine B91 

[6-(4-Benzenesulfonyl-piperidin- 1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B92 

{4-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl- phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin- 4-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester B93 

(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4- (pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine B94 

2-Methoxy-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4- (pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine B95 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-(5- nitro-6-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl- phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]- piperidin-1-yl}-pyrimidin-4-yl)- amine B96 

{6-[4-(3-Ethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol- 5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B97 

(6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)- [1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-piperidin- 1-yl}-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B98 

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[5- nitro-6-(4-pyridin-2-ylmethyl- piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- amine B99 

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-methylsulfanyl- phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile B100

1-{6-[4-(4,5-Dichloro-imidazol- 1-yl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B101

Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-{5-nitro-6- [4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B102

(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{1-[6-(2- fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}- methanone B103

{1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5- ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidin-4-yl}-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- methanone B104

(2,3-Difluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6- [4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B105

(2,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6- [4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B106

(2,5-Difluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6- [4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)- piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B107

1-[6-(4-Benzenesulfonyl- phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin- 4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester B108

1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl- 3H-benzoimidazol-5-ylamino)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester B109

1-{5-Nitro-6-[3-(1,1,2,2- tetrafluoro-ethoxy)- phenylamino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylie acid ethyl ester B110

{6-[4-(4-Iodo-phenoxy)- piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin- 4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl- phenyl)-amine B111

(2-Fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl- phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B112

{6-[4-(3-Ethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol- 5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl}-(2-fluoro-4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B113

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5- nitro-6-[4-(3-propyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine B114

{6-[4-(3-Cyclopropylmethyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B115

{6-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B116

{6-[4-(3-Cyclopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B117

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-(5- nitro-6-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl- phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]- piperidin-1-yl}-pyrimidin-4-yl)- amine B118

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfinyl- phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile B119

(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5- nitro-6-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy- phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]- pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine B120

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl- phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile B121

1-{1-[6-(2-Fluoro-4- methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4- yl}-hexan-1-one B122

1-{1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl- phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin- 4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-hexan-1-one B123

{6-[4-(3-tert-Butyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(2- fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl- phenyl)-amine B124

{6-[4-(3-tert-Butyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B125

[6-(4-Benzofuran-2-yl-piperidin- 1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine B126

4-(3-Fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl- phenylamino)-6-[4-(3-isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile B127

{6-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(5- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl)- amine B128

(3-Fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl- phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- amine B129

{6-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)- amine B130

4-(2,3-Difluoro-phenylamino)-6- [4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol- 5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine- 5-carbonitrile B131

4-(2,5-Difluoro-phenylamino)-6- [4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol- 5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine- 5-carbonitrile B132

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-methylsulfanyl- phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile B133

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin- 1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl- phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile B134

4-(4-Hexanoyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6- (6-methylsulfanyl-pyridin-3- ylamino)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile B135

4-(4-Hexanoyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6- (6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3- ylamino)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile B136

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)- piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6- methylsulfanyl-pyridin-3- ylamino)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile B137

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)- piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3- ylamino)-pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile B138

1-[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)- piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4- methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)- pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone B139

1-[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl- [1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)- piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6- methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3- ylamino)-pyrimidin-5-yl]- ethanone

TABLE C Cmpd # Structure Chemical Name C1 

1-(5-Nitro-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C2 

1-(6-Naphthalen-2-yl-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C3 

1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester C4 

1-(6-Benzofuran-5-yl-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C5 

1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl- phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester C6 

1-[6-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C7 

4-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-furan-3-yl- 5-nitro-pyrimidine C8 

1-[6-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C9 

1-[6-(2,6-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C10

1-(6-Naphthalen-1-yl-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C11

1-[6-(4-Methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C12

1-(2′,4′-Dihydroxy-5-nitro- [4,5′]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester C13

1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester C14

1-[6-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)- 5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester C15

1-(6-Dibenzothiophen-4-yl-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C16

1-[6-(3,5-Dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester C17

1-(5-Nitro-6-thiophen-2-yl-pyrimidin-4- yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C18

1-[6-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C19

1-(6-Dibenzofuran-4-yl-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C20

1-[6-(3,5-Dimethyl-phenyl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C21

1-[6-(4-Acetyl-phenyl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C22

1-[6-(4-Ethanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C23

1-[6-(2-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-nitro- pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester C24

1-[6-(3-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester C25

1-{6-[4-(2-Carboxy-ethyl)-phenyl]-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester C26

1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)- phenyl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester C27

1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)- phenyl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

TABLE D Cmpd # Structure Chemical Name D1

1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl- phenylethynyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester D2

1-(5-Nitro-6-phenylethynyl- pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester D3

1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl- phenylethynyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester D4

1-(5-Nitro-6-m-tolylethynyl- pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester D5

1-[6-(2-Fluoro-phenylethynyl)-5- nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester D6

1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl- phenylethynyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

TABLE E Cmpd # Structure Chemical Name E1

5-Nitro-4-(5-phenyl- [1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-6-[4- (pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1- yl]-pyrimidine

Some embodiments of the present invention include a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound according to any of the compound embodiments disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Additionally, compounds of Formula (Ia) encompass all pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, particularly hydrates, thereof. The present invention also encompasses diastereomers as well as optical isomers, e.g. mixtures of enantiomers including racemic mixtures, as well as individual enantiomers and diastereomers, which arise as a consequence of structural asymmetry in certain compounds of Formula (Ia). Separation of the individual isomers or selective synthesis of the individual isomers is accomplished by application of various methods which are well known to practitioners in the art.

Indications

In addition to the foregoing beneficial uses for compounds of the present invention disclosed herein, compounds of the invention are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of additional diseases. Without limitation, these include the following.

The most significant pathologies in Type II diabetes are impaired insulin signaling at its target tissues (“insulin resistance”) and failure of the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas to secrete an appropriate degree of insulin in response to a hyperglycemic signal. Current therapies to treat the latter include inhibitors of the β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel to trigger the release of endogenous insulin stores, or administration of exogenous insulin. Neither of these achieves accurate normalization of blood glucose levels and both carry the risk of inducing hypoglycemia. For these reasons, there has been intense interest in the development of pharmaceuticals that function in a glucose-dependent action, i.e. potentiators of glucose signaling. Physiological signaling systems which function in this manner are well-characterized and include the gut peptides GLP1, GIP and PACAP. These hormones act via their cognate G-protein coupled receptor to stimulate the production of cAMP in pancreatic β-cells. The increased cAMP does not appear to result in stimulation of insulin release during the fasting or preprandial state. However, a series of biochemical targets of cAMP signaling, including the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, voltage-sensitive potassium channels and the exocytotic machinery, are modified in such a way that the insulin secretory response to a postprandial glucose stimulus is markedly enhanced. Accordingly, agonists of novel, similarly functioning, β-cell GPCRs, including RUP3, would also stimulate the release of endogenous insulin and consequently promote normoglycemia in Type II diabetes.

It is also established that increased cAMP, for example as a result of GLP1 stimulation, promotes β-cell proliferation, inhibits β-cell death and thus improves islet mass. This positive effect on β-cell mass is expected to be beneficial in both Type II diabetes, where insufficient insulin is produced, and Type I diabetes, where β-cells are destroyed by an inappropriate autoimmune response.

It is also well-established that metabolic diseases exert a negative influence on other physiological systems. Thus, there is often the codevelopment of multiple disease states (e.g. type I diabetes, type II diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, obesity or cardiovascular disease in “Syndrome X”) or secondary diseases which clearly occur secondary to diabetes (e.g. kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy). Thus, it is expected that effective treatment of the diabetic condition will in turn be of benefit to such interconnected disease states.

Some embodiments of the present invention include a method for prophylaxis or treatment of a metabolic disorder or complications thereof in an individual comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder or complications thereof is type I, type II diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia syndrome X, or metabolic syndrome. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is hyperglycemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is hyperlipidemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is hypertriglyceridemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is dyslipidemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is syndrome X. In some embodiments, the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the mammal is a human.

Some embodiments of the present invention include a method of controlling or decreasing weight gain of an individual comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutical composition thereof. In some embodiments, the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the mammal is a human. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 18.5 to about 45. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 25 to about 45. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 30 to about 45. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 35 to about 45.

One aspect of the present invention pertains to a compound of Formula (Ia), as described herein, for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy.

Some embodiments of the present invention include a method of modulating a RUP3 receptor comprising contacting the receptor with a compound of the present invention.

Some embodiments of the present invention include a method of modulating a RUP3 receptor in an individual comprising contacting the receptor with a compound of the present invention. In some embodiments, the compound is an agonist. In some embodiments, the compound is an inverse agonist.

Some embodiments of the present invention include a method of modulating a RUP3 receptor in an individual comprising contacting the receptor with a compound of the present invention wherein the modulation of the RUP3 receptor is prophylaxis or treatment of a metabolic disorder and complications thereof. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is type I, type II diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia syndrome X, or metabolic syndrome. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is hyperglycemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is hyperlipidemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is hypertriglyceridemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is dyslipidemia. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is syndrome X. In some embodiments, the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the mammal is a human.

Some embodiments of the present invention include a method of modulating a RUP3 receptor in an individual comprising contacting the receptor with a compound of the present invention wherein the modulation of the RUP3 receptor controls or reduces weight gain of the individual. In some embodiments, the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the mammal is a human. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 18.5 to about 45. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 25 to about 45. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 30 to about 45. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 35 to about 45.

Some embodiments of the present invention include the use of a compound of the present invention for production of a medicament for use in prophylaxis or treatment of a metabolic disorder. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia syndrome X, or metabolic syndrome.

Some embodiments of the present invention include the use of a compound of the present invention for production of a medicament for use in controlling or decreasing weight gain in an individual. In some embodiments, the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the mammal is a human. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 18.5 to about 45. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 25 to about 45. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 30 to about 45. In some embodiments, the human has a body mass index of about 35 to about 45.

Compounds of the present invention are identified as an agonist or an inverse agonist using methods known to those skilled in art, such as an assay as described in Example 1. Accordingly, representative examples of compounds of the present invention that are agonists include the following:

-   [6-(4-Benzenesulfonyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     {4-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-acetic     acid ethyl ester;     (2-Fluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     1-[6-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     {6-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     {6-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     {6-[4-(3-Cyclopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-(5-nitro-6-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]-piperidin-1-yl}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amine;     {6-[4-(3-Ethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-amine;     (2-Fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     {6-[4-(3-Ethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(2-fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-[4-(3-propyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     6-[4-(3-Cyclopropylmethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     1-[6-(4-Carbamoylmethyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-{6-[4-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     4′44-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-phenoxy]-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     {6-[4-(2-Methoxy-phenylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine;     4′-(2-Amino-4-ethanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     4′-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     (4-Methoxy-2-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone;     4-{4-[6-(4-Cyclopropylmethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one;     4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-prop     oxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one;     4-{4-[6-(4-Butoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one;     4-{4-[6-(4-Isobutoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one;     {1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone;     (2,3-Difluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     (2,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     1-{2-Nitro-3-[4-(3-oxo-butyp-phenoxy]-phenyl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(4-Acetyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     3′-Nitro-2′44-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one;     4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one;     4-(4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one;     4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine;     4-(4-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one;     4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-cyclohexyl]-pyrimidine;     4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)-cyclohexyl]-pyrimidine;     4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-cyclohexyl)-pyrimidine;     1-{6-[(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-{6-[4-(1,1-Dioxo-1λ⁶-thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(4-Dimethylsulfamoyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(3-Methoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(2-Methoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(2-Amino-4-ethanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     (4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-ylamino}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone;     1-[6-(4-Cyclohexyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     HS-Nitro-6-[4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     [6-(4-Ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     {5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine;     {5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine;     (2-Fluoro-phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     {6-[4-(3-Methyl-1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     (3-Methoxy-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(2-Fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(3-Fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-7-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-{6-[4-(Morpholine-4-sulfonyl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine;     (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{1-[5-nitro-6-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-methanone;     [5-Nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine;     (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{1-[6-(2-fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methanone;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{6-[4-(4-methoxy-phenylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     2-Methoxy-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-(5-nitro-6-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]-piperidin-1-yl}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amine;     {6-[4-(3-Ethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     (6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-piperidin-1-yl}-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]amine;     1-{6-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidm-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propionyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-[6-(2-Benzoyl-5-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     3′-Nitro-4′-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Dimethyl     sulfamoyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     1-{6-[4-(4,5-Dichloro-imidazol-1-yl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{1-[6-(2-fluoro-phenyl     amino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methanone;     (2,5-Difluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester;     4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile;     5-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine;     4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde;     5-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine;     444-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde;     4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic     acid;     [4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-methanol;     [4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl]-dimethyl-amine;     4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile;     4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfinyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile;     (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine;     4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile;     1-{1-[6-(2-Fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-hexan-1-one;     1-{1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-hexan-1-one;     {6-[4-(3-tert-Butyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(2-fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     {614-(3-tert-Butyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;     [6-(4-Benzofuran-2-yl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine     and     5-Nitro-4-(5-phenyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine.

Representative examples of compounds of the present invention that are inverse agonists include the following:

1-{6-[4-(2-Carboxy-ethyl)-phenyl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-phenyl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-phenyl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenylethynyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(5-Nitro-6-phenylethynyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethynyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(5-Nitro-6-m-tolylethynyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(Benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 2,6-Dimethyl-4-[6-1-{6-[4-(5-Hydroxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-sulfo-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4′-Methoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(4-oxo-cyclohexyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine; 1-[5-Acetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Diacetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid; 1-{5-Nitro-6-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Nitro-6-[2-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Di-(methanesulfonyl)amino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Methyl-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2,5-Dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-oxo-benzo[1,3]oxathiol-6-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(9H-Carbazol-2-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Carbamoyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzenesulfonyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Amino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; Propionic acid 1-[2-amino-5-formyl-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl ester; 4-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4′-Cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; {4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; 3-{4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; 246-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-5-ethanesulfonyl-phenylamine; 4-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-6-(4,4-difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(2,6-Dichloro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(4-Chloro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Cyanomethyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone; 4-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl)-butan-2-one; 3-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; 4-(4-Methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Bromo-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3-Morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; {4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; {4-Methoxy-2-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; 4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 5-Nitro-4-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine; 3-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; 5-Ethanesulfonyl-2-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenylamine; Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine; 1-[6-(4-Difluoromethoxy-benzyloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(3-Difluoromethoxy-benzyloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-[4-(4-Methyl-benzyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(3-Methanesulfonyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-pyrrol-1-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4′-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3′-Nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4]bipyridinyl-2′-yloxy)-phenyl]-butan-2-one; 2′-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (5-Nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amine; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (5-Nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(2-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amine; [4-(3′-Nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4]bipyridinyl-2′-yloxy)-phenyl]-phenyl-methanone; (4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone; 1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{4-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-methanone; 4-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 1-{5-Nitro-6-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy)-phenylamino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(5-Nitro-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(6-Naphthalen-2-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-{4-[6-(4-Ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl]-butan-2-one; 4-[4-(3′-Nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H[1,2′]bipyridinyl-4′-yloxy)-phenyl]-butan-2-one; 3′-Nitro-4-propyl-4′-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2]bipyridinyl; 1-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-2-nitro-phenyl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; {4-[6-(4-Ethoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-ol; 2-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-ethanol; 3-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-propionic acid; (1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidin-4-yl)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (5-Nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amine; 1-[5-Amino-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Amino-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(Methyl-phenyl-amino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[(6-Fluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-8-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(1,1-Dioxo-1H-1λ⁶-benzo[b]thiophen-6-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[(Furan-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[2-(4-Methoxy-phenoxy)-ethylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-7-yl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine; (3-Fluoro-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine; (3-Methoxy-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine; 1-{6-[(3-Fluoro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Heptyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2′-(4-Benzoyl-phenylamino)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-pentyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(3-Carboxy-propyl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; [5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-amine; (3,5-Dimethoxy-benzyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine; (4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-ylamino}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone; 1-[6-(3,5-Difluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3,5-Dichloro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Bromo-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(Ethyl-phenyl-amino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Difluoromethyl-benzylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-34]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Cyano-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-sec-Butyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(Cyano-phenyl-methyl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenylamino]-pyrimidm-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzenesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzoimidazol-5-ylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(6-Benzofuran-5-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-furan-3-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2,6-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(6-Naphthalen-1-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(2′,4′-Dihydroxy-5-nitro-[4,5]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(6-Dibenzothiophen-4-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-6-(4-ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 1-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-ethanone; 4-{4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 1-{4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-ethanone; {4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; 3-{-4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-[4-(3′-nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl-4′-yloxy)-phenyl]-methanone; 1-[6-(3,5-Dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(5-Nitro-6-thiophen-2-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-(6-Dibenzofuran-4-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3,5-Dimethyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Acetyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Ethanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Fluoro-phenylethynyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenylethynyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

Some embodiments of the present invention include a method of producing a pharmaceutical composition comprising admixing at least one compound according to any of the compound embodiments disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

A compound of the present invention can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions using techniques well known to those in the art. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, outside those mentioned herein, are available to those in the art; for example, see Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16^(th) Edition, 1980, Mack Publishing Co., (Oslo et al., eds.) and the most current version.

While it is possible that, for use in the prophylaxis or treatment, a compound of the invention may in an alternative use be administered as a raw or pure chemical, it is preferable however to present the compound or active ingredient as a pharmaceutical formulation or composition further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The invention thus further provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefor and/or prophylactic ingredients. The carrier(s) must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not overly deleterious to the recipient thereof.

Pharmaceutical formulations include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sub-lingual), vaginal or parenteral (including intramuscular, sub-cutaneous and intravenous) administration or in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.

The compounds of the invention, together with a conventional adjuvant, carrier, or diluent, may thus be placed into the form of pharmaceutical formulations and unit dosages thereof, and in such form may be employed as solids, such as tablets or filled capsules, or liquids such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, elixirs, gels or capsules filled with the same, all for oral use, in the form of suppositories for rectal administration; or in the form of sterile injectable solutions for parenteral (including subcutaneous) use. Such pharmaceutical compositions and unit dosage forms thereof may comprise conventional ingredients in conventional proportions, with or without additional active compounds or principles, and such unit dosage forms may contain any suitable effective amount of the active ingredient commensurate with the intended daily dosage range to be employed.

For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of for example, a tablet, capsule, suspension or liquid. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a particular amount of the active ingredient. Examples of such dosage units are capsules, tablets, powders, granules or a suspension, with conventional additives such as lactose, mannitol, corn starch or potato starch; with binders such as crystalline cellulose, cellulose derivatives, acacia, corn starch or gelatins; with disintegrators such as corn starch, potato starch or sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose; and with lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate. The active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition wherein, for example, saline, dextrose or water may be used as a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The dose when using the compounds of Formula (Ia) can vary within wide limits, and as is customary and is known to the physician, it is to be tailored to the individual conditions in each individual case. It depends, for example, on the nature and severity of the illness to be treated, on the condition of the patient, on the compound employed or on whether an acute or chronic disease state is treated or prophylaxis is conducted or on whether further active compounds are administered in addition to the compounds of the Formula (Ia). Representative doses of the present invention include, about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg, about 0.01 to about 750 mg, about 0.01 to about 500 mg, 0.01 to about 250 mg, 0.01 mg to about 200 mg, about 0.01 mg to 150 mg, about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg, and about 0.01 mg to about 75 mg. Multiple doses may be administered during the day, especially when relatively large amounts are deemed to be needed, for example 2, 3 or 4, doses. If appropriate, depending on individual behavior and as appropriate from the patients physician or care-giver it may be necessary to deviate upward or downward from the daily dose.

The amount of active ingredient, or an active salt or derivative thereof; required for use in treatment will vary not only with the particular salt selected but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated and the age and condition of the patient and will ultimately be at the discretion of the attendant physician or clinician. In general, one skilled in the art understands how to extrapolate in vivo data obtained in a model system, typically an animal model, to another, such as a human. Typically, animal models include, but are not limited to, the rodents diabetes models as described in Example 6, infra (other animal models have been reported by Reed and Scribner in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 1, 1999, 75-86). In some circumstances, these extrapolations may merely be based on the weight of the animal model in comparison to another, such as a mammal, preferably a human, however, more often, these extrapolations are not simply based on weights, but rather incorporate a variety of factors. Representative factors include the type, age, weight, sex, diet and medical condition of the patient, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, pharmacological considerations such as the activity, efficacy, pharmacokinetic and toxicology profiles of the particular compound employed, whether a drug delivery system is utilized, on whether an acute or chronic disease state is being treated or prophylaxis is conducted or on whether further active compounds are administered in addition to the compounds of the Formula (Ia) and as part of a drug combination. The dosage regimen for treating a disease condition with the compounds and/or compositions of this invention is selected in accordance with a variety factors as cited above. Thus, the actual dosage regimen employed may vary widely and therefore may deviate from a preferred dosage regimen and one skilled in the art will recognize that dosage and dosage regimen outside these typical ranges can be tested and, where appropriate, may be used in the methods of this invention.

The desired dose may conveniently be presented in a single dose or as divided doses administered at appropriate intervals, for example, as two, three, four or more sub-doses per day. The sub-dose itself may be further divided, e.g., into a number of discrete loosely spaced administrations. The daily dose can be divided, especially when relatively large amounts are administered as deemed appropriate, into several, for example 2, 3 or 4, part administrations. If appropriate, depending on individual behavior, it may be necessary to deviate upward or downward from the daily dose indicated.

The compounds of the present invention can be administrated in a wide variety of oral and parenteral dosage forms. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the following dosage forms may comprise, as the active component, either a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the invention.

For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds of the present invention, the selection of a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be either solid, liquid or a mixture of both. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules. A solid carrier can be one or more substances which may also act as diluents, flavouring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material.

In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in a mixture with the finely divided active component.

In tablets, the active component is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding capacity in suitable proportions and compacted to the desire shape and size.

The powders and tablets may contain varying percentage amounts of the active compound. A representative amount in a powder or tablet may contain from 0.5 to about 90 percent of the active compound; however, an artisan would know when amounts outside of this range are necessary. Suitable carriers for powders and tablets are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like. The term “preparation” is intended to include the formulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as carrier providing a capsule in which the active component, with or without carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus in association with it. Similarly, cachets and lozenges are included. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be used as solid forms suitable for oral administration.

For preparing suppositories, a low melting wax, such as an admixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter, is first melted and the active component is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring. The molten homogenous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify.

Formulations suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or sprays containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.

Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, for example, water or water-propylene glycol solutions. For example, parenteral injection liquid preparations can be formulated as solutions in aqueous polyethylene glycol solution. Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

The compounds according to the present invention may thus be formulated for parenteral administration (e.g. by injection, for example bolus injection or continuous infusion) and may be presented in unit dose form in ampoules, pre-filled syringes, small volume infusion or in multi-dose containers with an added preservative. The pharmaceutical compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form, obtained by aseptic isolation of sterile solid or by lyophilization from solution, for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.

Aqueous solutions suitable for oral use can be prepared by dissolving the active component in water and adding suitable colorants, flavours, stabilizing and thickening agents, as desired.

Aqueous suspensions suitable for oral use can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, or other well known suspending agents.

Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for oral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. These preparations may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavors, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.

For topical administration to the epidermis the compounds according to the invention may be formulated as ointments, creams or lotions, or as a transdermal patch.

Ointments and creams may, for example, be formulated with an aqueous or oily base with the addition of suitable thickening and/or gelling agents. Lotions may be formulated with an aqueous or oily base and will in general also contain one or more emulsifying agents, stabilizing agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, or coloring agents.

Formulations suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising active agent in a flavored base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert base such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.

Solutions or suspensions are applied directly to the nasal cavity by conventional means, for example with a dropper, pipette or spray. The formulations may be provided in single or multi-dose form. In the latter case of a dropper or pipette, this may be achieved by the patient administering an appropriate, predetermined volume of the solution or suspension. In the case of a spray, this may be achieved for example by means of a metering atomizing spray pump.

Administration to the respiratory tract may also be achieved by means of an aerosol formulation in which the active ingredient is provided in a pressurized pack with a suitable propellant. If the compounds of the Formula (Ia) or pharmaceutical compositions comprising them are administered as aerosols, for example as nasal aerosols or by inhalation, this can be carried out, for example, using a spray, a nebulizer, a pump nebulizer, an inhalation apparatus, a metered inhaler or a dry powder inhaler. Pharmaceutical forms for administration of the compounds of the Formula (Ia) as an aerosol can be prepared by processes well-known to the person skilled in the art. For their preparation, for example, solutions or dispersions of the compounds of the Formula (Ia) in water, water/alcohol mixtures or suitable saline solutions can be employed using customary additives, for example benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption enhancers for increasing the bioavailability, solubilizers, dispersants and others, and, if appropriate, customary propellants, for example include carbon dioxide, CFC's, such as, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, or dichlorotetrafluoroethane; and the like. The aerosol may conveniently also contain a surfactant such as lecithin. The dose of drug may be controlled by provision of a metered valve.

In formulations intended for administration to the respiratory tract, including intranasal formulations, the compound will generally have a small particle size for example of the order of 10 microns or less. Such a particle size may be obtained by means known in the art, for example by micronization. When desired, formulations adapted to give sustained release of the active ingredient may be employed.

Alternatively the active ingredients may be provided in the form of a dry powder, for example, a powder mix of the compound in a suitable powder base such as lactose, starch, starch derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Conveniently the powder carrier will form a gel in the nasal cavity. The powder composition may be presented in unit dose form for example in capsules or cartridges of, e.g., gelatin, or blister packs from which the powder may be administered by means of an inhaler.

The pharmaceutical preparations are preferably in unit dosage forms. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component. The unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of preparation, such as packeted tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules. Also, the unit dosage form can be a capsule, tablet, cachet, or lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged form.

Tablets or capsules for oral administration and liquids for intravenous administration are preferred compositions.

The term “prodrug” refers to compounds that are rapidly transformed in vivo to yield the parent compound of the above formulae, for example, by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, “Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,” Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Combination Therapy/Prophylaxis

While the compounds of the invention can be administered as the sole active pharmaceutical agent as described herein above, they can also be used in combination with one or more agents belonging to the class of drugs known as α-glucosidase inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, biguanides, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, squalene synthesis inhibitors, fibrate compounds, LDL catabolism enhancers and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

α-Glucosidase inhibitors belong to the class of drugs which competitively inhibit digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, maltase, α-dextrinase, sucrase, etc. in the pancreas and or small intesting. The reversible inhibition by α-glucosidase inhibitors retard, diminish or otherwise reduce blood glucose levels by delaying the digestion of starch and sugars. Some representative examples of α-glucosidase inhibitors include acarbose, N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propyl)valiolamine (generic name; voglibose), miglitol, and α-glucosidase inhibitors known in the art.

The class of aldose reductase inhibitors are drugs which inhibit the first-stage rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway that prevent or arrest diabetic complications. In the hyperglycemic state of diabetes, the utilization of glucose in the polyol pathway is increased and the excess sorbitol accumulated intracellularly as a consequence acts as a tissue toxin and hence evokes the onset of complications such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Examples of the aldose reductase inhibitors include tolurestat; epalrestat; 3,4-dihydro-2,8-diisopropyl-3-thioxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-4-acetic acid; 2,7-difluorospiro(9H-fluorene-9,4′-imidazolidine)-2′,5′-dione (generic name: imirestat); 3-[(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)methy]-7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-1(2H)-quinazoline acetic acid (generic name: zenarestat); 6-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-2′,5′-dioxo-spiro[4H-1-benzopyran-4,4′-imidazolidine]-2-carboxamide (SNK-860); zopolrestat; sorbinil; and 1-[(3-bromo-2-benzofuranyl)sulfonyl]-2,4-imidazolidinedione (M-16209), and aldose reductase inhibitors known in the art.

The biguanides are a class of drugs that stimulate anaerobic glycolysis, increase the sensitivity to insulin in the peripheral tissues, inhibit glucose absorption from the intestine, suppress of hepatic gluconeogenesis, and inhibit fatty acid oxidation. Examples of biguanides include phenformin, metformin, buformin, and biguanides known in the art.

Statin compounds belong to a class of drugs that lower blood cholesterol levels by inhibiting hydroxymethylglutalyl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. A statin that inhibits this reductase lowers serum LDL concentrations by upregulating the activity of LDL receptors and responsible for clearing LDL from the blood. Examples of the statin compounds include rosuvastatin, pravastatin and its sodium salt, simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors known in the art.

Squalene synthesis inhibitors belong to a class of drugs that lower blood cholesterol levels by inhibiting synthesis of squalene. Examples of the squalene synthesis inhibitors include (S)-α-[Bis[2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy)methoxy]phosphinyl]-3-phenoxybenzenebutanesulfonic acid, mono potassium salt (BMS-188494) and squalene synthesis inhibitors known in the art.

Fibrate compounds belong to a class of drugs that lower blood cholesterol levels by inhibiting synthesis and secretion of triglycerides in the liver and activating a lipoprotein lipase. Fibrates have been known to activate peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors and induce lipoprotein lipase expression. Examples of fibrate compounds include bezafibrate, beclobrate, binifibrate, ciplofibrate, clinofibrate, clofibrate, clofibric acid, etofibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, nicofibrate, pirifibrate, ronifibrate, simfibrate, theofibrate, and fibrates known in the art.

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) catabolism enhancers belong to a class of drugs that lower blood cholesterol levels by increasing the number of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptors, examples include LDL catabolism enhancers known in the art.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors belong to the class of drugs that partially lower blood glucose levels as well as lowering blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzymes. Examples of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors include captopril, enalapril, alacepril, delapril; ramipril, lisinopril, imidapril, benazepril, ceronapril, cilazapril, enalaprilat, fosinopril, moveltopril, perindopril, quinapril, spirapril, temocapril, trandolapril, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors known in the art.

Insulin secretion enhancers belong to the class of drugs having the property to promote secretion of insulin from pancreatic β cells. Examples of the insulin secretion enhancers include sulfonylureas (SU). The sulfonylureas (SU) are drugs which promote secretion of insulin from pancreatic β cells by transmitting signals of insulin secretion via SU receptors in the cell membranes. Examples of the sulfonylureas include tolbutamide; chlorpropamide; tolazamide; acetohexamide; 4-chloro-N-[(1-pyrrolidinylamino) carbonyl]-benzenesulfonamide (generic name: glycopyramide) or its ammonium salt; glibenclamide (glyburide); gliclazide; 1-butyl-3-metanilylurea; carbutamide; glibonuride; glipizide; gliquidone; glisoxepid; glybuthiazole; glibuzole; glyhexamide; glymidine; glypinamide; phenbutamide; tolcyclamide, glimepiride, and other insulin secretion enhancers known in the art. Other insulin secretion enhancers include N-[[4-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl)carbonyl]-D-phenylalanine (Nateglinide); calcium (2S)-2-benzyl-3-(cis-hexahydro-2-isoindolinylcarbonyl)propionate dihydrate (Mitiglinide, KAD-1229); and other insulin secretion enhancers known in the art.

Thiazolidinediones belong to the class of drugs more commoningly known as TZDs. Examples of thiazolidinediones include rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, and thiazolidinediones known in the art.

Some embodiments of the invention include, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an α-glucosidase inhibitor, an aldose reductase inhibitor, a biguanide, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a squalene synthesis inhibitor, a fibrate compound, a LDL catabolism enhancer and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is a compound of Formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. In still another embodiment, the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of prevastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and lipitor.

In accordance with the present invention, the combination can be used by mixing the respective active components either all together or independently with a physiologically acceptable carrier, excipient, binder, diluent, etc., as described herein above, and administering the mixture or mixtures either orally or non-orally as a pharmaceutical composition. When a compound or a mixture of compounds of Formula (Ia) are administered as a combination therapy or prophylaxis with another active compound the therapeutic agents can be formulated as a separate pharmaceutical compositions given at the same time or at different times, or the therapeutic agents can be given as a single composition.

Other Utility

Another object of the present invention relates to radiolabelled compounds of Formula (Ia) that would be useful not only in radio-imaging but also in assays, both in vitro and in vivo, for localizing and quantitating RUP3 in tissue samples, including human, and for identifying RUP3 ligands by inhibition binding of a radiolabelled compound. It is a further object of this invention to develop novel RUP3 assays of which comprise such radiolabelled compounds.

Suitable radionuclides that may be incorporated in compounds of the present invention include but are not limited to ³H (also written as T), ¹¹C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁸F, ¹²⁵I, ⁸²Br, ¹²³I, ¹²⁴I, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I, ⁷⁵Br, ⁷⁶Br, ¹⁵O, ¹³N, ³⁵S and ⁷⁷Br. The radionuclide that is incorporated in the instant radiolabelled compounds will depend on the specific application of that radiolabelled compound. Thus, for in vitro RUP3 labeling and competition assays, compounds that incorporate ³H, ¹⁴C, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I, ³⁵S or ⁸²Br will generally be most useful. For radio-imaging applications ¹¹C, ¹⁸F, ¹²⁵I, ¹²³I, ¹²⁴I, ¹³¹I, ⁷⁵Br, ⁷⁶Br or ⁷⁷Br will generally be most useful.

It is understood that a “radio-labelled” or “labelled compound” is a compound of Formula (Ia) that has incorporated at least one radionuclide; In some embodiments, the radionuclide is selected from the group consisting of ³H, ¹⁴C, ¹²⁵I, ³⁵S and ⁸²Br; In some embodiments, the radionuclide ³H or ¹⁴C. Moreover, it should be understood that all of the atoms represented in the compounds of the invention can be either the most commonly occurring isotope of such atoms or the more scarce radio-isotope or nonradio-active isotope.

Synthetic methods for incorporating radio-isotopes into organic compounds including those applicable to those compounds of the invention are well known in the art and include incorporating activity levels of tritium into target molecules include: A. Catalytic Reduction with Tritium Gas—This procedure normally yields high specific activity products and requires halogenated or unsaturated precursors. B. Reduction with Sodium Borohydride [³H]—This procedure is rather inexpensive and requires precursors containing reducible functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, lactones, esters, and the like. C. Reduction with Lithium Aluminum Hydride [³H]—This procedure offers products at almost theoretical specific activities. It also requires precursors containing reducible functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, lactones, esters, and the like. D. Tritium Gas Exposure Labeling—This procedure involves exposing precursors containing exchangeable protons to tritium gas in the presence of a suitable catalyst. E. N-Methylation using Methyl Iodide [³H]—This procedure is usually employed to prepare O-methyl or N-methyl (³H) products by treating appropriate precursors with high specific activity methyl iodide (³H). This method in general allows for high specific activity, such as about 80-87 Ci/mmol.

Synthetic methods for incorporating activity levels of ¹²⁵I into target molecules include: A. Sandmeyer and like reactions —This procedure transforms an aryl or heteroaryl amine into a diazonium salt, such as a tetrafluoroborate salt, and subsequently to ¹²⁵I labelled compound using Na¹²⁵I. A represented procedure was reported by Zhu, D.-G. and co-workers in J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 943-948. B. Ortho ¹²⁵Iodination of phenols—This procedure allows for the incorporation of ¹²⁵I at the ortho position of a phenol as reported by Collier, T. L. and co-workers in J. Labelled Compd Radiopharm. 1999, 42, S264-S266. C. Aryl and heteroaryl bromide exchange with ¹²⁵I—This method is generally a two step process. The first step is the conversion of the aryl or heteroaryl bromide to the corresponding tri-alkyltin intermediate using for example, a Pd catalyzed reaction [i.e. Pd(Ph₃P)₄] or through an aryl or heteroaryl lithium, in the presence of a tri-alkyltinhalide or hexaalkylditin [e.g., (CH₃)₃SnSn(CH₃)₃]. A represented procedure was reported by Bas, M.-D. and co-workers in J Labelled Compd Radiopharm. 2001, 44, S280-S282.

A radiolabelled RUP3 compound as described herein can be used in a screening assay to identify/evaluate compounds. In general terms, a newly synthesized or identified compound (I.e., test compound) can be evaluated for its ability to reduce binding of the “radiolabelled compound of Formula (Ia)” to the RUP3 receptor. Accordingly, the ability of a test compound to compete with the “radio-labelled compound of Formula (Ia)” for the binding to the RUP3 receptor directly correlates to its binding affinity.

The labelled compounds of the present invention bind to the RUP3 receptor. In one embodiment the labelled compound has an IC₅₀ less than about 500 μM, in another embodiment the labelled compound has an IC₅₀ less than about 100 μM, in yet another embodiment the labelled compound has an IC₅₀ less than about 10 μM, in yet another embodiment the labelled compound has an IC₅₀ less than about 1 μM, and in still yet another embodiment the labelled inhibitor has an IC₅₀ less than about 0.1 μM.

Other uses of the disclosed receptors and methods will become apparent to those in the art based upon, inter alia, a review of this patent document.

This application claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/440,394, filed Jan. 14, 2003; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/449,829, filed Feb. 24, 2003, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/453,390, filed Mar. 6, 2003, and U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 60/470,875, filed May 14, 2003; wherein each are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The following examples are given to illustrate the invention and are not intended to be inclusive in any manner:

EXAMPLES

The compounds of the present invention and their syntheses are further illustrated by the following examples. The examples are provided to further define the invention without, however, limiting the invention to the specifics of these examples.

Example 1

96-well Cyclic AMP membrane assay for RUP3

Materials:

-   1) Adenlyl cyclase Activation Flashplate Assay kit from Perkin     Elmer—96 wells (SMP004B) and ¹²⁵I tracer (NEX130) which comes with     the kit. Keep in refrigerator, in a box, and do not expose the     Flashplates to light. -   2) Phosphocreatine—Sigma P-7936 -   3) Creatine Phosphokinase—Sigma C-3755 -   4) GTP—Sigma G-8877 -   5) ATP—Sigma A-2383 -   6) IBMX—Sigma I-7018 -   7) Hepes—1M solution in distilled water—Gibco #15630080 -   8) MgC12—Sigma M-1028—1M Solution -   9) NaC1—Sigma—S6546—5M Solution -   10) Bradford Protein Assay Kit—Biorad #5000001 -   11) Proclin 300—Sigma #4-8126     Binding Buffer—filter through 45-micron Nalgene filter and keep in     refrigerator. All buffers and membranes should be kept cold (in ice     bucket) while performing assay. -   20 mM Hepes, pH7.4 -   1 mM MgCl2 -   100 mM NaCl -   2× Regeneration Buffer (make in binding buffer): -   20 mM Phosphocreatine (1.02 gm/200 ml binding buffer) -   20 units Creatine phosphokinase (4 mg/200 ml) -   20 uM GTP (make up 10.46 mg/ml in binding buffer and add 200 ul/200     ml) -   0.2 mM ATP (22.04 mg/200 ml) -   100 mM IBMX (44.4 mg IBMX dissolved in 1 ml 100% DMSO first and then     add the entire amount to 200 ml of buffer).     Regeneration buffer can be aliquoted into 40-45 ml portions (in 50     ml sterile tubes) and kept frozen for up to 2 months. Simply put the     tube in a beaker with room temperature water to thaw out the     regeneration buffer on the day of the assay.     A. Assay procedure     -   1) Pipet 50 ul regeneration buffer in all 96 wells using Matrix         1250 8-channel pipettor.     -   2) Pipet 5 ul DMSO in columns 1 and columns 11 and 12.     -   3) Pipet 50 ul cAMP standards in columns 11 and 12 in this         format: 50 pmole/well for row A, 25 pmole/well for row B, 12.5         μmol/well for row C, 5 picomol/well for row D, 2.5 pmole/well         for row E, 1.25 pmole/well for row F, 0.5 pmole/well for row G,         and 0 pmole/well (buffer only) for row H.     -   4) Pipet 5 ul compounds from each well of a compound dilution         plate, for IC₅₀s, using the following dilution scheme:         -   Well H: 400 uM compound (final concentration of compound in             reaction mix =5/100×400 uM=20 uM         -   Well G: 1:10 dilution of Well H (i.e. 5 ul compound from             well H+45 ul 100% DMSO) (final concentration=2 uM)         -   Well F: 1:10 dilution of well G (final concentration=0.2 uM)         -   Well E: 1:10 dilution of well F (final concentration=0.02             uM)         -   Well D: 1:10 dilution of well E (final concentration=0.002             uM)         -   Well C: 1:10 dilution of well D (final concentration=0.0002             uM         -   Well B: 1:10 dilution of well C (final concentration=0.00002             uM)         -   Well A: 1:10 dilution of well B (final             concentration=0.000002 uM)         -   IC₅₀s or EC₅₀s are done in triplicate. One Flashplate can             therefore be set up to handle 3 compounds. (i.e., columns 2,             3, and 4 are for compound #1, columns 5, 6, and 7 are for             compound #2, and columns 8, 9, and 10 are for compound #3.)     -   5) Add 50 ul of RUP3 membranes to all wells in Columns 2 to 10.         (Prior to the start of the assay, the frozen membrane pellets         for both RUP3 and CMV (cells transfected with an expression         plasmid containing no RUP3 sequences), are suspended in binding         buffer, usually 1 ml binding buffer for 1 plate of membranes.         The membranes are kept in ice all the time, and a polytron         (Brinkmann polytron, model # PT-3100) is used (setting 6-7, for         15-20 seconds) to obtain a homogeneous membrane suspension.)         Protein concentration is determined by Bradford protein assay         kit using instructions given in the kit, using the standard         supplied with the kit as a reference. The protein concentration         of the membranes is adjusted with binding buffer, so that 50 ul         membranes=15 ug protein (i.e. 0.3 mg/ml protein).     -   6) In column 1, Wells A, B, C, and D, add 50 ul RUP3 membranes.         To wells E, F, G, and H, add 50 ul CMV membranes, (CMV membranes         being of the same protein concentration as the RUP3 membranes).     -   7) Incubate 1 hour at room temperature with agitation on a         rotating platform shaker. Cover with foil while shaking.     -   8) After 1 hour, add (to all 96 wells), 100 ul of the ¹²1 tracer         in detection buffer supplied with the Flashplate kit plus         proclin, made up in the following manner:     -   Pipet per 10 ml per Flashplate: 100 ml of detection buffer+1 ml         ¹²⁵I+0.2 ml of Proclin ( the proclin helps to stop the         production of cAMP). Make a smaller quantity of detection buffer         mix if you have fewer plates.     -   9) Shake the plates on a rotating platform shaker for 2 hours,         covering the plates with lead sheeting.     -   10) Seal the plates with the plastic film sealers provided with         the Flashplate kit.     -   11) Count the plates using a TRILUX 1450 Microbeta Counter. See         the door of the counter to determine which counting protocol to         use.     -   12) Data is analyzed on the Arena Database according to the RUP3         non-fusion, IC₅₀ EC₅₀ for 96-well cAMP membrane assay, and the         compound numbers and the concentrations of compounds must be         entered by the user.         B. Membrane Cyclase Criteria     -   1) Signal to Noise:         -   An acceptable signal-to-noise ratio for RUP3 can vary from 4             to 6. The raw cpms are approximately 1800 to 2500 for RUP3             and 3500-4500 for CMV. The cpm (or ultimately pmoles of             cAMP/well) cannot be outside the standard curve, and should             not approach well A of the standard curve (50 pmole/well)             and well H (no cAMP). Generally, the pmoles of cAMP produced             by RUP3 receptor are around 11 to 13 pmole/well (for 15             ug/well protein), and for CMV are between 2 to 3 pmole/well             (for 15 ug protein/well).     -   2) Standard curve:         -   The slope should be linear and the error bars for duplicates             should be very small. The receptor and CMV controls cannot             be off scale of the standard curve, as described above. If             the receptor controls are off the high end of the standard             curve,i.e. 50 pmole/well or higher, one must repeat the             experiment using less protein. However, such a case has not             been observed with transiently transfected RUP3 membranes             (10 ug DNA/15 cm plate, using 60 ul Lipofectamine, and             preparing membranes after 24 hour of transfection.)     -   3) The IC₅₀ or EC₅₀ curve should be at 100% (+ or −20%) of         control RUP3 membranes at the top, and should go down to 0 (or         up to 20%) at the bottom. The standard error of the triplicate         determinations should be + or −10%.         C. Stimulation of cAMP in HIT-T15 cells

HIT-T15 (ATCC CRL#1777) is an immortalized hamster insulin-producing cell line. These cells express RUP3 and therefore can be used to assess the ability of RUP3 ligands to stimulate or inhibit cAMP accumulation via its endogenously expressed receptor. In this assay, cells are grown to 80% confluence and then distributed into a 96-well Flashplate (50,000 cells/well) for detection of cAMP via a “cAMP Flashplate Assay” (NEN, Cat # SMP004). Briefly, cells are placed into anti-cAMP antibody-coated wells that contain either vehicle, the test ligand(s) at a concentration of interest, or 1 uM forskolin. The latter is a direct activator of adenylyl cyclase and serves as a positive control for stimulation of cAMP in HIT-T15 cells. All conditions are tested in triplicate. After a 1 hour incubation to allow for stimulation of cAMP, a Detection Mix containing ¹²⁵I-cAMP is added to each well and the plate is allowed to incubate for another 1 hour. The wells are then aspirated to remove unbound ¹²⁵I-cAMP. Bound ¹²⁵I-cAMP is detected using a Wallac Microbeta Counter. The amount of cAMP in each sample is determined by comparison to a standard curve, obtained by placing known concentrations of cAMP in some wells on the plate.

D. Stimulation of insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells

It is known that stimulation of cAMP in HIT-T15 cells causes an increase in insulin secretion when the glucose concentration in the culture media is changed from 3 mM to 15 mM. Thus, RUP3 ligands can also be tested for their ability to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion (GSIS) in HIT-T15 cells. In this assay, 30,000 cells/well in a 12-well plate are incubated in culture media containing 3 mM glucose and no serum for 2 hours. The media is then changed; wells receive media containing either 3 mM or 15 mM glucose, and in both cases the media contains either vehicle (DMSO) or RUP3 ligand at a concentration of interest. Some wells receive media containing 1 uM forskolin as a positive control. All conditions are tested in triplicate. Cells are incubated for 30 minutes, and the amount of insulin secreted into the media is determined by ELISA, using a kit from either Peninsula Laboratories (Cat #ELIS-7536) or Crystal Chem Inc, (Cat #90060).

E. Stimulation of insulin secretion in isolated rat islets

As with HIT-T15 cells, it is known that stimulation of cAMP in isolated rat islets causes an increase in insulin secretion when the glucose concentration in the culture media is changed from 60 mg/di to 300 mg/dl. RUP3 is an endogenously expressed GPCR in the insulin-producing cells of rat islets. Thus, RUP3 ligands can also be tested for their ability to stimulate GSIS in rat islet cultures. This assay is performed as follows:

-   -   A. Select 75-150 islet equivalents (IEQ) for each assay         condition using a dissecting microscope. Incubate overnight in         low-glucose culture medium. (Optional.)     -   B. Divide the islets evenly into triplicate samples of 25-40         islet equivalents per sample. Transfer to 40 um mesh sterile         cell strainers in wells of a 6-well plate with 5 ml of low (60         mg/dl) glucose Krebs-Ringers Buffer (KRB) assay medium.     -   C. Incubate 30 minutes (1 hour if overnight step skipped) at         37° C. and 5% CO₂. Save the supernatants if a positive control         for the RIA is desired.     -   D. Move strainers with islets to new wells with 5 ml/well low         glucose KRB. This is the second pre-incubation and serves to         remove residual or carryover insulin from the culture medium.         Incubate 30 minutes.     -   E. Move strainers to next wells (Low 1) with 4 or 5 ml low         glucose KRB. Incubate @37° C. for 30 minutes. Collect         supernatants into low-binding polypropylene tubes pre-labelled         for identification and keep cold.     -   F. Move strainers to high glucose wells (300 mg/dl, which is         equivalent to 16.7 mM). Incubate and collect supernatants as         before. Rinse islets in their strainers in low-glucose to remove         residual insulin. If the rinse if to be collected for analysis,         use one rinse well for each condition (i.e. set of triplicates.)     -   G. Move strainers to final wells with low-glucose assay medium         (Low 2). Incubate and collect supernatants as before.     -   H. Keeping cold, centrifuge supernatants at 1800 rpm for 5         minutes @ 4-8° C. to remove small islets/islet pieces that         escape the 40 mm mesh. Remove all but lower 0.5-1 ml and         distribute in duplicate to pre-labelled low-binding tubes.         Freeze and store at <−20° C. until insulin concentrations can be         determined.     -   I. Insulin determinations are done as above, or by Linco Labs as         a custom service, using their rat insulin RIA (Cat. # RI-13K).

Example 2

A. RT-PCR analysis of RUP3 expression in human tissues (FIG. 1A)

RT-PCR was applied to determine the tissue distribution of RUP3. Oligonucleotides used for PCR had the following sequences:

ZC47: 5′-CATTGCCGGGCTGTGGTTAGTGTC-3′ (forward primer), (SEQ ID NO: 3); ZC48: 5′-GGCATAGATGAGTGGGTTGAGCAG-3′ (reverse primer), (SEQ ID NO: 4);

and the human multiple tissue cDNA panels (MTC, Clontech) were used as templates (1 ng cDNA per PCR amplification). Twenty-two (22) human tissues were analyzed. PCR was performed using Platinum PCR SuperMix (Life Technologies, Inc.; manufacture instructions were followed) in a 50 μl reaction by the following sequences: step 1, 95° C. for 4 min; step 2, 95° C. for 1 min; step 3, 60° C. for 30 sec; step 4, 72° C. for 1 min; and step 5, 72° C. for 7 min. Steps 2 through 4 were repeated 35 times.

The resulting PCR reactions (15 μl) were loaded on a 1.5% agarose gel to analyze the RT-PCR products, and a specific 466 base-pair DNA fragment representing RUP3 was specifically amplified from cDNA of pancreas origin. Low expression was also evident in subregions of brain.

B. cDNA Dot-Blot analysis of RUP3 expression in human tissues (FIG. 1B).

Results from RT-PCR analysis were further confirmed in cDNA dot-blot analysis. In this assay, a dot-blot membrane containing cDNA from 50 human tissues (Clontech) was hybridized with a ³²P-radiolabelled DNA probe having sequences derived from human RUP3. Hybridization signals were seen in pancreas and fetal liver, suggesting these tissues express RUP3. No significant expression was detected in other tissues analyzed.

C. Analysis of RUP3 by RT-PCR with isolated human pancreatic islets of Langerhans (FIG. 1C).

Further analysis of RUP3 by RT-PCR with isolated human pancreatic islets of Langerhans showed robust expression of RUP3 in islet cells but not in control samples.

D. Analysis of RUP3 expression with cDNAs of rat origin by RT-PCR (FIG. 1D).

RUP3 expression was further analyzed with cDNAs of rat origin by RT-PCR technique. Tissue cDNAs used for this assay were obtained from Clontech except those for hypothalamus and islets, which were prepared in house. Concentrations of each cDNA sample were normalized via a control RT-PCR analysis of the house-keeping gene GAPDH before assaying for RUP3 expression. Oligonucleotides used for PCR had the following sequences:

rat RUP3 (“rRUP3”) forward: (SEQ ID NO: 5) 5′-CATGGGCCCTGCACCTTCTTTG-3′; rRUP3 reverse: (SEQ ID NO: 6) 5′-GCTCCGGATGGCTGATGATAGTGA-3′. PCR was performed using Platinum PCR SuperMix (Life Technologies, Inc.; manufacture instructions were followed) in a 50 ul reaction by the following sequences: step 1, 95° C. for 4 min; step 2, 95° C. for 1 min; step 3, 60° C. for 30 sec; step 4, 72° C. for 1 min; and step 5, 72° C. for 7 min. Steps 2 through 4 were repeated 35 times.

The resulting PCR reactions (15 μl) were loaded on a 1.5% agarose gel to analyze the RT-PCR products, and a specific 547 base-pair DNA fragment representing rat RUP3 was specifically amplified from cDNA of pancreas origin, revealing a similar expression profile with human. Of particular note, robust expression was seen in isolated islets and hypothalamus.

Example 3

RUP3 protein expression is restricted to β cell lineage of pancreatic islets (FIG. 2)

A. A polyclonal anti-RUP3 antibody was prepared in rabbits (FIG. 2A).

Rabbits were immunized with an antigenic peptide with sequence derived from rat RUP3 (“rRUP3”). The peptide sequence was RGPERTRESAYHIVTISHPELDG and shared 100% identity with mouse RUP3 in the corresponding region. A cysteine residue was incorporated at the N-terminal end of this antigenic peptide to facilitate KLH crosslinking before injecting into rabbits. The resulting antisera (“anti-rRUP3”) and the corresponding preimmune sera (“pre-rRUP3”) were tested for immune reactivity to mouse RUP3 in immunobloting assays (lanes 1 thought 4). In this assay, the GST-RUP3 fusion protein was readily recognized by the anti-rRUP3 antisera (lane 4), but not by the preimmune sera (lane 2). The immunoreactive signal could be efficiently eliminated when the immunoblotting assay was performed in the presence of excess antigenic peptide (lane 6).

B. RUP3 expression in insulin-producing β cells of pancreatic islets (FIG. 2B).

Rat pancreas was perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS and embedded in OCT embedding medium. Ten micron sections were prepared, fixed on glass slides, and immunostained with either pre-rRUP3 (FIG. 2B, panel a) or with anti-rRUP3 antisera (FIG. 2B, panels c and e) followed by secondary staining with donkey anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to the fluorochrome Cy-3. Each section was also co-immunostained with a monoclonal anti-insulin antibody (Santa Cruz, FIG. 2B, panels b and d) in primary staining followed by a secondary staining with donkey anti-mouse IgG conjugated with FITC, or with a goat anti-glucagon antibody (Santa Cruz, FIG. 2B, panel f) and donkey anti-goat IgG coupled to FITC. Immunofluorescent signals were examined under a fluorescent microscope. RUP3 was found expressed in insulin producing cells (panels c and d), but not in glucagons producing cells (panels e and f). These data demonstrated that RUP3 is expressed in β cells but not in α cells of the rat pancreatic islets. Analogous results were obtained when mouse pancreatic sections were investigated for RUP3 expression.

Example 4

Functional Activities of RUP3 In Vitro (FIG. 3)

It was established that RUP3 stimulates the production of cAMP by cotransfection of 293 cells with: (1) a CRE-Luciferase reporter, wherein the ability to stimulate the production of firefly luciferase depends on increased cAMP in cells, and (2) an expression plasmid encoding the human form of RUP3 (FIG. 3A). Note that cells co-transfected with an expression plasmid containing no RUP3 sequences (“CMV” in FIG. 3A) produce very little luciferase activity, whereas cells transfected with an expression plasmid encoding RUP3 (“RUP3” in FIG. 3A) have at least a 10-fold increase in luciferase activity. This indicates that RUP3 stimulates the production of cAMP when introduced into 293 cells. This property of RUP3 is conserved across species, because hamster RUP3 stimulates luciferase activity when introduced into 293 cells in a manner analogous to that described for human RUP3 (FIG. 3B).

It is established that, when cAMP is increased in insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, these cells exhibit an enhanced ability to secrete insulin when glucose concentrations rise. To test whether RUP3 might impart enhanced glucose-dependent insulin release, retrovirus containing human RUP3 was used to generate Tu6 cells that express high levels of RUP3. Tu6 cells produce insulin, but do not express appreciable levels of RUP3 and do not normally exhibit an increase in insulin release when increased glucose is present in the culture media. As shown in FIG. 3C, Tu6 cells transduced with a control virus that contains no receptor are still able to produce insulin, but do not show an increase in insulin secretion when the concentration of glucose in the culture media is shifted from 1 mM to 16 mM. By contrast, Tu6 cells transduced with RUP3-containing retrovirus display significant glucose-dependent insulin secretion (FIG. 3C).

Example 5

Functional Activities of RUP3 Agonists In Vitro (FIG. 4)

To demonstrate that RUP3 agonists stimulate endogenously expressed RUP3 in insulin-producing cells, two in vitro models can be used. In the first of these, RUP3 agonists are used to stimulate HIT-T15 cells, which express RUP3 at significant levels, as indicated in the Northern blot shown in FIG. 4A. Moreover, these cells are known to exhibit enhanced glucose-dependent insulin release when intracellular cAMP concentrations are elevated. In the example shown in FIG. 4B, the RUP3 agonist Compound B84 stimulates cAMP production in HIT cells, at a level comparable to that seen with the adenyl cyclase activator forskolin. This indicates that Compound B84 is a very robust stimulator of cAMP in HIT-T15 cells. In the example shown in FIG. 4C, Compound B84 also stimulates insulin secretion in HIT cells exposed to 15 mM glucose, once again at a level comparable to that seen with the adenyl cyclase activator forskolin. This indicates that Compound B84 is a very robust potentiator of insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells.

Isolated rat islets are the other in vitro model used to demonstrate the efficacy of RUP3 agonists. In this model, agents that induce cAMP are not expected to stimulate insulin secretion when glucose concentrations are low (e.g. 60 mg/di). However, when glucose concentrations are increased (e.g. to 300 mg/di), these agents are expected to enhance insulin secretion to levels above those seen with glucose alone. In the example shown in FIG. 4D, both RUP3 agonists (Compounds 48 and 51 at 10 uM concentration) enhanced glucose-dependent insulin release. Moreover, the level of enhancement was comparable to that seen with 25 nM GLP-1, a gut hormone known to act on islets in this manner.

Example 6

In Vivo effects of RUP3 agonists on glucose homeostasis in mice

A. Oral Glucose tolerance test (oGTT) (FIG. 5A).

Male C57b1/6N mice at age of 8 weeks were fasted for 18 hours and randomly grouped (n=11) to receive a RUP3 agonist (Compound B70) at indicated doses, or with control extendin-4 (ex-4, 1 μg/kg), a GLP-1 peptide analog known to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Compound B70 was delivered orally via a gavage needle (p.o. volume at 100 μl). Control Ex-4 was delivered intraperitoneally. Thirty minutes after administration of test compound and control ex-4, mice were administered orally with dextrose at 5 g/kg dose. Levels of blood glucose were determined at the indicated time points using Glucometer Elite XL (Bayer). FIG. 5A shows the mean glucose concentration averaged from eleven animals in each treatment group. These results demonstrated that the RUP3 agonist, Compound B70, lowered blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner in mice after challenged with glucose.

B. Acute response of db mice to RUP3 agonist (FIG. 5B).

Male db mice (C57BL/KsOlahsd-Leprdb, diabetic, Harlan) at age of 10 weeks were randomly grouped (n=6) to receive vehicle (oral gavage), Compound B70 (60 mg/kg, oral gavage), or Ex-4 (1 μg/kg, intraperitoneally). After compound administration, food was removed and blood glucose levels were determined at indicated times as shown in FIG. 5B. Reduction in blood glucose at each time point was expressed as percentage of original glucose levels, averaged from six animals for each group. These animals had blood glucose levels (fed state) of 300-400 mg/dl, significantly higher than non-diabetic wild type animals. Treatment with Compound B70 or Ex-4 significantly reduced glucose levels compared to vehicle control as shown in FIG. 5B. These data demonstrated that the RUP3 agonist had efficacy in improving glucose homeostasis in diabetic animals.

Example 7

CRE-Luciferase Assay in 293 Cells

293 cells were plated in 96-well tissue culture plates at a concentration of 20,000 cells per well. The following day, the cells are transfected with a mixture of pCRE-Luc (Stratagene, Cat. #219076), the indicated expression plasmid, and pEGFP-N1 (Clontech, Cat. #6085-1) at a ratio of 5:1:0.25 using Lipofectamine Reagent (Invitrogen, Cat. #18324-020) according to the manufacturer's directions. pEGFP-N1 encodes a “green fluorescent protein” and was used as a control to determine that most cells were successfully transfected. After 24-48 hr, the cells were lysed in situ with 100 ul/well reconstituted Luclite buffer (Luclite Reporter Gene Assay Kit, Packard, Cat. #6016911), according to the manufacturer's directions. After a 10 minute incubation in the dark, luminescence was measured using a TRILUX 1450 Microbeta Counter (Wallac).

Example 8

Generation of Tu6/RUP3 Stable Lines

To produce Tu6 cells that express RUP3 at high levels, a retrovirus bearing an expression cassette for RUP3 was generated. Briefly, RUP3 coding sequence was cloned into the retroviral vector pLNCX2 (Clontech, Cat #6102-1). The amphotropic packaging cell line PT-67 (Clontech, K1060-D) was then transfected with either the parental vector pLNCX2 or pLNCX2/RUP3 using Lipofectamine and stable lines were established using guidelines provided by the PT-67 vendor. Retrovirus-containing supernatant was obtained by collecting media from the resultant stables according to the manufacturer's directions. Tu6 cells, in a 10 cm dish, were then infected with retrovirus by incubating in a solution of 1 ml viral supernatant/9 ml culture media containing 40 ug/ml polybrene for 24 hours. The medium was then changed to culture media containing 300 ug/ml G418. G418-resistant clones were ultimately created by virtue of the neomycin-resistance gene cassette present in the pLNCX2 vector, thus indicating the successful integration of retrovirus into the Tu6 genome. The expression of RUP3 in the Tu6/RUP3 G418-resistant colonies was confirmed by Northern blot.

Example 9

Insulin secretion, Tu6 Stables

To measure insulin secretion from rodent insulin-producing cell lines, cells were first cultured overnight in serum-free, glucose-deficient media. The following morning, the cells were then placed in the same media supplemented with either 1 mM or 16 mM glucose. After an incubation of 4 hours, the media was collected and analyzed for insulin content using a Rat Insulin Enzyme-Immunoassay (EIA) System (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Cat. # RPN 2567). Typically, the assay was performed using multiple dilutions of sample media in order to ensure that the sample measurements fell within the boundaries of the standard curve (generated using known amounts of insulin), as recommended by the manufacturer.

Example 10

RUP3 RNA Blot

To determine the expression of RUP3 in insulin-producing or non islet cells, the following cell lines were obtained and cultured according to guidelines provided by American Type Culture Collection or the indicated provider.

Cell Line Provider Cat. # HIT-T15 American Type Culture Collection CRL-1777 NIT-1 American Type Culture Collection CRL-2055 RIN-5F American Type Culture Collection CRL-2058 Tu-6 Ole Madsen, Hagedorn Res. Lab. N/A αTC-9 American Type Culture Collection CRL-2350 RIN-14B American Type Culture Collection CRL-2059 ARIP American Type Culture Collection CRL-1674 AR42J American Type Culture Collection CRL-1492 Panc-1 American Type Culture Collection CRL-1469 BxPc-3 American Type Culture Collection CRL-1687 293 Q-Biogene AES0503 NIH-3T3 American Type Culture Collection CRL-1658 Total RNA was isolated from each of these cell lines using TRIZOL (Invitrogen, Cat #15596-018), subjected to electrophoresis through an agarose/formaldehyde gel and an RNA blot was prepared using standard molecular biological techniques. A radiolabelled RUP3 probe, corresponding to the full-length coding sequence of RUP3, was prepared using a Prime-It II Random Primer Labeling Kit (Stratagene, Cat #300385). The denatured probe, 10 ml ExpressHyb solution (Clontech, Cat #8015-2) and the RNA blot were incubated in a hybridization oven, washed and exposed to film using standard molecular biology practices.

Example 11

Receptor Binding Assay

In addition to the methods described herein, another means for evaluating a test compound is by determining binding affinities to the RUP3 receptor. This type of assay generally requires a radiolabelled ligand to the RUP3 receptor. Absent the use of known ligands for the RUP3 receptor and radiolabels thereof, compounds of Formula (Ia) can be labelled with a radioisotope and used in an assay for evaluating the affinity of a test compound to the RUP3 receptor.

A radiolabelled RUP3 compound as described herein can be used in a screening assay to identify/evaluate compounds. In general terms, a newly synthesized or identified compound (I.e., test compound) can be evaluated for its ability to reduce binding of the “radiolabelled compound of Formula (Ia)” to the RUP3 receptor. Accordingly, the ability to compete with the “radio-labelled compound of Formula (Ia)” or Radiolabelled RUP3 Ligand for the binding to the RUP3 receptor directly correlates to its binding affinity of the test compound to the RUP3 receptor.

Assay Protocol for Determining Receptor Binding for RUP3:

A. RUP3 Receptor Preparation

293 cells (human kidney, ATCC), transiently transfected with 10 ug human RUP3 receptor and 60 ul Lipofectamine (per 15-cm dish), were grown in the dish for 24 hours (75% confluency) with a media change and removed with 10 ml/dish of Hepes-EDTA buffer (20 mM Hepes+10 mM EDTA, pH 7.4). The cells were then centrifuged in a Beckman Coulter centrifuge for 20 minutes, 17,000 rpm (JA-25.50 rotor). Subsequently, the pellet was resuspended in 20 mM Hepes+1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4 and homogenized with a 50-ml Dounce homogenizer and again centrifuged. After removing the supernatant, the pellets were stored at −80° C., until used in binding assay. When used in the assay, membranes were thawed on ice for 20 minutes and then 10 mL of incubation buffer (20 mM Hepes, 1 mM MgCl₂, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) added. The membranes were then vortexed to resuspend the crude membrane pellet and homogenized with a Brinkmann PT-3100 Polytron homogenizer for 15 seconds at setting 6. The concentration of membrane protein was determined using the BRL Bradford protein assay.

B. Binding Assay

For total binding, a total volume of 50 ul of appropriately diluted membranes (diluted in assay buffer containing 50 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.4), 10 mM MgCl₂, and 1 mM EDTA; 5-50 ug protein) is added to 96-well polyproylene microtiter plates followed by addition of 100 ul of assay buffer and 50 ul of Radiolabelled RUP3 Ligand. For nonspecific binding, 50 ul of assay buffer is added instead of 100 ul and an additional 50 ul of 10 uM cold RUP3 is added before 50 ul of Radiolabelled RUP3 Ligand is added. Plates are then incubated at room temperature for 60-120 minutes. The binding reaction is terminated by filtering assay plates through a Microplate Devices GF/C Unifilter filtration plate with a Brandell 96-well plate harvestor followed by washing with cold 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4 containing 0.9% NaCl. Then, the bottom of the filtration plate are sealed, 50 ul of Optiphase Supermix is added to each well, the top of the plates are sealed, and plates are counted in a Trilux MicroBeta scintillation counter. For compound competition studies, instead of adding 100 ul of assay buffer, 100 ul of appropriately diluted test compound is added to appropriate wells followed by addition of 50 ul of Radiolabelled RUP3 Ligand.

C. Calculations

The test compounds are initially assayed at 1 and 0.1 μM and then at a range of concentrations chosen such that the middle dose would cause about 50% inhibition of a Radio-RUP3 Ligand binding (i.e., IC₅₀). Specific binding in the absence of test compound (B_(O)) is the difference of total binding (B_(T)) minus non-specific binding (NSB) and similarly specific binding (in the presence of test compound) (B) is the difference of displacement binding (B_(D)) minus non-specific binding (NSB). IC₅₀ is determined from an inhibition response curve, logit-log plot of % BM° vs concentration of test compound.

K, is calculated by the Cheng and Prustoff transformation: K _(i) =IC ₅₀/(1+[L]/K _(D))

where [L] is the concentration of a Radio-RUP3 Ligand used in the assay and K_(D) is the dissociation constant of a Radio-RUP3 Ligand determined independently under the same binding conditions.

Chemistry Syntheses of Compounds of The Present Invention Example 12

Illustrated syntheses for compounds of Formula (Ia) are shown in FIG. 6 where the symbols have the same definitions as used throughout this disclosure. The preparation of N-oxides is well know in the art, which include, but not limited to pyridines, pyrimidines and the like. For example, N-oxides can be prepared at normal or elevated pressure, in the presence of an oxidizing agent, such as, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, perbenzoic, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA), ozone, oxygen and the like, in the presence or absence of solvent, such as chloroform, dichlormethane, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and the like or mixtures thereof.

Chemistry: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectra were recorded on a Varian Mercury Vx-400 equipped with a 4 nucleus auto switchable probe and z-gradient or a Bruker Avance-400 equipped with a QNP (Quad Nucleus Probe) or a BBI (Broad Band Inverse) and z-gradient. Chemical shifts are given in parts per million (ppm) with the residual solvent signal used as reference. NMR abbreviations are used as follows: s=singlet, d=doublet, t=triplet, q=quartet, m=multiplet, br=broad. Microwave irradiations were carried out using the Smith Synthesizer (Personal Chemistry). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ (Merck), preparatory thin-layer chromatography (prep TLC) was preformed on PK6F silica gel 60 A 1 mm plates (Whatman), and column chromatography was carried out on a silica gel column using Kieselgel 60, 0.063-0.200 mm (Merck). Evaporation was done in vacuo on a Buchi rotary evaporator. Celite 545® was used during palladium filtrations.

-   LCMS specs: 1) PC: HPLC-pumps: LC-10AD VP, Shimadzu Inc.; HPLC     system controller: SCL-10A VP, Shimadzu Inc; UV-Detector: SPD-10A     VP, Shimadzu Inc; Autosampler: CTC HTS, PAL, Leap Scientific; Mass     spectrometer: API 150EX with Turbo Ion Spray source, AB/MDS Sciex;     Software: Analyst 1.2. 2) Mac: HPLC-pumps: LC-8A VP, Shimadzu Inc;     HPLC system controller: SCL-10A VP, Shimadzu Inc. -   UV-Detector: SPD-10A VP, Shimadzu Inc; Autosampler: 215 Liquid     Handler, Gilson Inc; Mass spectrometer: API 150EX with Turbo Ion     Spray source, AB/MDS Sciex Software: Masschrom 1.5.2.

Compound A1 1-[6-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: General Method 1

A mixture of 1-(6-chloro-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (63 mg, 0.2 mmol), 4-imidazol-1-yl-phenol (42 mg, 0.26 mmol) and potassium carbonate (36 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1 equivalent) in anhydrous DMF (1 ml) was heated to 90° C. overnight. The resulting residue was purified by Flash Chromatography (hexanes:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give 1-[6-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester [A1] as a yellow solid (80 mg, 92%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz)δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.38-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.46 (t, 1H), 7.55-7.59 (m, 3H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.90-8.92 (m, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂N₆O₅ 438.17, found 439.2 (MH⁺).

The intermediate 1-(6-chloro-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was prepared by following general method 2.

General Method 2: Addition of Substituted Piperidines to Dichloro-5-Nitropyrimidine.

Compound 2,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine (500 mg, 2.57 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (40 ml) and cooled to 0° C. To this was added diisopropylethyl amine (0.54 ml, 3.08 mmol) followed by a solution of piperidine-4-ethyl-ester (3.69 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 ml) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour and then concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (hexanes:ethyl acetate=1:1) provided Compound A1a, 1-(6-chloro-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a yellow solid (466 mg, 60%). ¹HNMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 1.57-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.74 (m, 1H), 3.17 (t, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.84-3.89 (m, 2H), 8.46 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₁H₁₃ClN₄O₄ 300.06, found 301.2 (MH⁺).

Compounds A2-A155 were prepared in an analogous manner as described for Compound A1, supra.

Compound A2 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. General Method 3

4,6-dichloro-5-nitro pyrimidine (5.00 g, 25.7 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (7.66 ml, 43.9 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (17.0 ml). The mixture was stirred in an ice bath and 4-ethyl ester piperidine (3.33 ml, 43.9 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (17.0 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and after 30 min. the desired product was observed by LCMS m/z 315 (M+H⁺). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crude dissolved in dioxane (20 ml), sequentially, diisopropylethylamine (6.31 ml, 36.22 mmol) and 2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-3-hydroxypyrazole (3.60 g, 21.73 mmol) were added and the mixture was heated at 90° C. for 18 h. Work up yielded a crude red oil. Purification by Flash Chromatography (0-35% diethyl ether/hexane). Yield 58.47% yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 8.34 (s, 1H); 6.71 (s, 1H); 4.07 (m, 2H); 3.88 (d, 2H); 3.70 (s, 3H); 3.27 (m, 2H); 2.72 (m, 1H); 1.94 (m, 2H); 1.62 (m, 2H); 1.18 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 444.3 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A3 1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

Following the general procedure [method 1]compound A3 was obtained as a yellow solid (52%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.35-4.05 (m, 16H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.55-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.95 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₃₂N₆O₆S 532.21, found 533.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A4 1-[6-(Benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

Following the general procedure, [method 1]compound A4 was obtained as a brown solid (65%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₈H₁₈N₆O₆ 414.13, found 415.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A5 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: [method 1]

Flash chromatography (hexanes:ethyl acetate=2:1) provided compound A5 as a yellow solid (250 mg, 65%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.78-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.70 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 4.02-4.08 (m, 2H), 4.18 (q, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 8.00 (d, 2H), 8.22 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄N₄O₈ 472.16, found 473.4 (MH⁺).

Compound A6 1-[5-Amino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2,1-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: General Method 4

A2 (100 mg, 0.225 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (8.0 ml), 5% Pd/C (0.1 mmol) was added to the reaction vessel with stirring. The mixture was purged with hydrogen and after 15 min the desired product A6 was observed by LCMS. Filtration followed by solvent removal under reduced pressure yielded a solid that was purified by filtration through a silica plug using 50% ethyl acetate/hexane as solvent. Yield 32.13%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 8.34 (s, 1H); 6.71 (s, 1H); 4.07 (m, 2H); 3.88 (d, 2H); 3.70 (s, 2H); 3.30 (s, 3H); 3.23 (m, 2H); 2.72 (m, 1H); 1.95 (m, 2H); 1.62 (m, 2H); 1.17 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 415.3 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A7 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

General Method 5:

A6 (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) and diisopropylamine (0.83 ml, 0.476 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (2.0 ml), and excess (CF₃CO)₂O was added dropwise at 0° C. Stirring at room temp. was maintained for 12 hours. Purification by RP-HPLC. Yield 46% white solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 8.36 (s, 1H); 6.73 (s, 1H); 4.06 (m, 2H); 3.89 (d, 2H); 3.72 (s, 3H); 3.23 (m, 2H); 2.73 (m, 1H); 1.97 (m, 2H); 1.62 (m, 2H); 1.17 (t, 3H).LCMS (ESI) m/z 511.3 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A8 Propionic acid 1-[2-amino-5-formyl-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl ester

General Method 6:

4,6-dichloro-2-amino-5-formylpyrimidine (1.90 g, 9.89 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (3.30 ml, 18.95 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (25.0 ml). The mixture was stirred on an ice bath and 4-ethyl ester piperidine (1.46 ml, 9.47 mmol) dissolved in dioxane (25.0 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture attained room temperature and after 30 min. the desired product was observed by LCMS m/z 313 (M+H⁺). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the crude residue dissolved in dioxane (20 ml), to it were added diisopropylethylamine (6.31 ml, 36.22 mmol) and 2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ol (3.95 g, 23.77 mmol). The mixture heated at 90° C. for 18 h. Aqueous work up yielded a pale orange solid. Recrystallization from ether and hexanes, followed by filtration of the solid yielded white crystals. Yield 50.28%, ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 9.90 (s, 1H); 7.42 (d, 2H); 6.76 (s, 1H); 4.09 (m, 2H); 3.95 (d, 2H); 3.76 (s, 3H); 3.09 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 1.90 (m, 2H); 1.66 (m, 2H); 1.19 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 443 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A9 4-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 3]. Purification by Flash Chromatography (5-30% ethyl acetate/hexane). Yield 33% yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 8.38 (s, 1H); 6.71 (s, 1H); 4.04 (m, 2H); 3.88 (d, 2H); 3.70 (s, 3H); 3.54 (m, 2H); 3.42 (m, 2H); 3.29 (m, 2H) 1.18 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 446.2 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A10 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester

[Method 3]. Flash chromatography (hexanes:ethyl acetate=2:1) provided compound A10 as a yellow solid (173 mg, 30%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.80-1.88 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.74 (m, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H). 3.94-4.06 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₆H₁₇F₃N₆O₅ 430.12, found 431.4 (MH³⁰).

Compound A11 2,6-Dimethyl-4-[6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-morpholine

[Method 3]. Purification by Flash Chromatography (0-30% ethyl acetate/hexane). Yield 57% yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 8.37 (s, 1H); 6.71 (s, 1H); 3.83 (m, 2H); 3.72 (s, 3H); 3.62 (m, 2H); 2.81 (m, 2H); 1.12 (t, 6H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 403 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A12 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 3]. Purification by Flash Chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate/hexane). Yield 50% yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 8.36 (s, 1H); 6.72 (s, 1H); 4.08 (m, 2H); 3.98 (m, 2H); 3.72 (s, 3H); 3.58 (m, 1H); 3.45 (m, 1H); 2.69 (m, 1H); 1.99 (m, 1H); 1.76 (m, 2H); 1.57 (m, 1H); 1.17 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 445 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A13 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide

[Method 1]. Purification by HPLC. Yield 16%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.17 (s, 1H); 6.43 (s, 1H); 4.06 (m, 2H); 3.72 (s, 3H); 3.12 (m, 2H); 2.58 (m, 3H); 1.88 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 416.1 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A14 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1]. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica (Biotage) using hexane/ethyl acetate (7:3). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.23 (s, 1H, pyrimidine); 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.40-7.35 (dd, 2H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 4.20 (q, 2H), 4.10-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.80 (m, 2H), 1.30 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₄N₆O₅: m/z 453.2 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A15 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine

[Method 3]. The product was purified by Preparatory TLC using hexane/ethyl acetate (7:3). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.20 (s,1H, pyrimidine); 6.45 (s, 1H); 3.80 (s, 3H, CH₃), 3.60-3.50 (m, 4H); 1.75-1.60 (m, 5H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₄H₁₅F₃N₆O₃: m/z 373 (M+H³⁰ , 100%)

Compound A16 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; General Method 7

1-(6-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 1 (0.22 g, 0.63 mmol) and 2-(trifluoromethanol) benzyl alcohol (0.11 g, 1.26 mmol) were dissolved in DMF at room temperature. Sodium hydride (30 mg, 1.26 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 30 minutes. Diluted the mixture with 10% aq. HCl, and extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparatory LCMS. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.63 (t, 2H); 7.55 (t, 1H); 7.39 (t, 1H); 5.63 (s, 2H); 4.13 (q, 2H); 3.95 (d, 2H); 3.14 (t, 2H); 2.54 (m, 1H); 1.98 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 2H); 1.24 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₂₁F₃N₄O₅: m/z 454 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A17 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 7]. The residue was purified by preparatory TLC using hexane/ethyl acetate (3/1, v/v). ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.66 (s, 1H); 7.58 (t, 2H); 7.49 (t, 1H); 5.52 (s, 2H); 4.15 (q, 2H); 3.62 (m, 2H); 3.15 (t, 2H); 2.60 (m, 1H); 2.00 (m, 2H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 1.27 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₁H₂₃F₃N₄O₅: m/z 469 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A18 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 7.]. The residue was purified by preparatory TLC using hexane/ethyl acetate (3/1, v/v). ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.20(s, 1H); 7.62(d, 2H); 7.52(d, 2H); 5.52(s, 2H); 4.11(q, 2H); 3.96(m, 2H); 3.15(t, 2H); 2.58(m, 1H); 2.01(m, 2H); 1.81(m, 2H); 1.25(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₂₁F₃N₄O₅: m/z 454 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A19 1-[5-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; General Method 8

A mixture of 1-[6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (150 mg, 0.37 mmol) and NBS (65 mg, 0.37 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) was stirred at 60° C. for 2 days. The mixture was quenched with sodium thiosulfate, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (hexanes:ethyl acetate=3:1) provided compound A19 as a white solid (100 mg, 57%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.78-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.62 (m, 1H), 3.17 (t, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 4.18 (q, 2H), 4.22-4.33 (m, 2H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₇H₁₉BrF₃N₅O₃ 477.06, found 478.0 (MH⁺).

Compound A20 1-[5-Acetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and Compound A21 1-[5-Diacetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

General Method 9:

A mixture of compound A6 (100 mg, 0.24 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.1 ml, 1 mmol) in pyridine (5 ml) was heated to 60° C. for three days. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (hexanes:ethyl acetate=1:1) provided compound A20a (7 mg, 7%) and A20b (40 mg, 34%) both as a yellow oil. Compound A20a ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.33 (t, 3H), 1.77-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.55-2.62 (m, 1H), 3.16 (t, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 4.06-4.22 (m, 4H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₄F₃N₆O₄ 456.17, found 457.2 (MH⁺). Compound A20b NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.25 (t, 3H), 1.77-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 6H), 2.55-2.62 (m, 1H), 3.18 (t, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 4.06-4.22 (m, 4H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₅F₃N₆O₅ 498.18, found 499.4 (M+H⁺).

Compound A22 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2,1-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid

[Method 3]. Purification of part of the crude by HPLC. Yield 8.58% yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 8.33 (s, 1H); 6.71 (s, 1H); 3.88 (m, 2H); 3.70 (s, 3H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 1.93 (m, 2H); 1.59 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 417 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A23 1-{5-Nitro-6-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 7]. The residue was purified by preparatory TLC using hexane/ethyl acetate (9/1,v/v). ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.63 (s, 1H); 7.45 (m, 4H); 4.16 (q, 2H); 4.03 (m, 2H); 3.89 (t, 2H); 3.08 (t, 2H); 3.20 (t, 2H); 2.55 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 1.28 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₁H₂₃F₃N₄O₅: m/z 468 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A24 1-{5-Nitro-6-[2-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 7]. The residue was purified by preparatory TLC using hexane/ethyl acetate (9/1, v/v). ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.63 (s, 1H); 7.45 (m, 4H); 4.16 (q, 2H); 4.03 (m, 2H); 3.89 (t, 2H); 3.08 (t, 2H); 3.20 (t, 2H); 2.55 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 1.28 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₁H₂₃F₃N₄O₅: m/z 468 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A25 1-[5-Di-(methanesulfonyl)amino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; General Method 10

Compound A6 (150 mg, 0.36 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 ml). To this was added DIEA (0.125 ml) and methane sulfonic anhydride (94 mg, 0.54 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, quenched with water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layer was dried in vacuo and purified by HPLC to give compound A25 as a yellow solid (24 mg, 12%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.68 (m, 1H), 3.38 (t, 2H), 3.50 (s, 6H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 4.17 (q, 2H), 4.44-4.55 (m, 2H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉E₂₅ F₃N₆O₅S₂ 570.12, found 571.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A26 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1]. The residue was purified by column chromatography (Biotage) using 10% hexane/ethyl acetate. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.16 (s, 1H); 7.53 (m, 2H); 7.41 (s, 1H); 7.02 (d, 1H); 4.16 (q, 2H); 4.01 (m, 1H); 3.21 (t, 2H); 2.97 (s, 9H); 2.90 (s, 9H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 2.02 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 4H); 1.27 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₉H₁₉F₃N₄O₅: m/z 440 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A27 1-[5-Methyl-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; General Method 11

A mixture of A19 (100 mg, 0.21 mmol), methyl boronic acid (25 mg, 0.42 mmol), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) (15 mg, 0.021 mmol) and potassium carbonate (87 mg, 0.62 mmol) in dry DMF (5 ml) was heated to 100° C. under nitrogen overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (hexanes:ethyl acetate=3:1) provided compound A27 as an oil (20 mg, 23%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.82-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.97-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.57-2.62 (m, 1H), 3.02 (t, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.82-3.88 (m, 2H), 4.18 (q, 2H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₈H₂₂F₃N₅O₃ 413.17, found 414.4 (MH⁺).

Compound A28 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1]. The residue was purified by column chromatography (Biotage) using 10% hexane/ethyl acetate. Yield 74%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.14 (s, 1H); 7.70 (d, 1H); 7.62 (t, 1H); 7.38 (t, 1H); 7.26 (d, 1H); 4.17 (q, 2H); 4.03 (m, 2H); 3.23 (t, 2H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 2.04 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m,2H); 1.28 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₉H₁₉F₃N₄O₅: m/z 440 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A29 1-{1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1]. The residue was purified by column chromatography (Biotage) using 10% hexane/ethyl acetate. Yield 58%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.01 (s, 1H); 7.47 (d, 2H); 6.93 (d, 2H); 4.16 (q, 2H); 4.05 (m, 2H); 3.23 (t, 2H); 2.66 (m, 1H); 2.09 (m, 2H); 1.93 (m, 2H); 1.28 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₉H₁₉₁F₃N₄O₅: m/z 440 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A30 1-[6-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1]. Yield 0.016 g, 16%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.17 (s, 1H); 7.10 (m, 4H); 4.18 (q, 2H); 4.03 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.29 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 391 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A31 1-[6-(2,5-Dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 3]. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica (Biotage) using hexane/ethyl acetate (7:3). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.23 (s, 1H, pyrimidine); 5.97 (s, 1H), 4.20 (q, 2H), 4.10-4.00 (m,2H), 3.50 (s,3H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.00 (m,2H), 1.95-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.30 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₇H₂₂N₆O₅: m/z 391.3 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A32 1-[6-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory thin layer chromatography [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 50:50]. Yield 0.010 g, 9%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.17 (s, 1H); 7.52 (d, 2H); 7.03 (d, 2H); 4.17 (q, 2H); 4.02 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.29 (m, 3H) LCMS (ESI) m/z 452, 453 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A33 1-[6-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1]. Yield 0.009 g, 9%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.17 (s, 1H); 7.37 (d, 2H); 7.08 (d, 2H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 4.03 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.64 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.29 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 407 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A34 1-[6-(4-Carbamoyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

General Method 1a:

A mixture of compound 7 (63 mg, 0.2 mmol), 4-hydroxybenzene carboxamide (35 mg, 0.26 mmol) and potassium carbonate (36 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was heated in microwave for 2 minutes at 80° C. Following the general procedure, compound A34 was obtained as a yellow solid (65%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.19 (t, 3H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.98-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.80 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.82-3.96 (m, 2H), 4.07 (q, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, 2H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₁N₅O₆ 415.15, found 416.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A35 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A35 was obtained as a yellow solid (71%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.98-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.94 (t, 2H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.62 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.05 (d, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C_(2l) H₂₆N₄O₆ 430.19, found 431.4 (MH⁺).

Compound A36 1-[6-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A36 was obtained as a yellow solid (58%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.58-1.92 (m, 8H), 1.98-2.15 (m, 4H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.00 (quintet, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.04 (d, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 8.18 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₈N₄O₅ 440.21, found 4-[1.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A37 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-pyrrol-1-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A37 was obtained as a yellow solid (77%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 6.36 (d, 2H), 7.04 (d, 2H), 7.19 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 8.18 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃N₅O₅ 437.17, found 438.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A38 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A38 was obtained as a yellow solid (70%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.24-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.87-7.90 (m, 2H), 8.21 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₄N₄O₆ 476.17, found 477.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A39 1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzenesulfonyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A39 was obtained as a yellow solid (51%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 6.82 (d, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.96 (d, 2H), 8.13 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₄N₄O₈S 528.13, found 529.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A40 1-[6-(4′-Cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A40 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.24-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.78 (m, 6H), 8.19 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₃N₅O₅ 473.17, found 473.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A41 1-[6-(2-Amino-4-ethanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A41 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.14 (q, 2H), 3.40 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.18 (q, 2H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 10.35 (s, 2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₅N₅O₇S 479.15, found 480.0 (MH⁺).

Compound A42 1-{6-[4-(5-Hydroxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A42 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.14 (q, 2H), 3.40 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.18 (q, 2H), 7.36 (d, 2H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, 2H), 8.77 (s, 2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₂N₆O₆ 466.16, found 467.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A43 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-sulfo-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A43 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.14 (q, 2H), 3.40 (t, 2H), 3.70-3.82 (m, 2H), 4.05 (q, 2H), 7.12 (d, 2H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 8.20 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₈H₁₉N₄O₈SNa 474.08, found 475 (M+H⁺).

Compound A44 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A44 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 7.73 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 2H), 8.69 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁N₇O₅ 439.16, found 440.4 (MH⁺).

Compound A45 1-[6-(4-Carbamoylmethyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A45 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.17 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃N₅O₆ 429.16, found 430.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A46 1-{6-[4-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound a46 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.26-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.82 (dd, 2H), 7.94 (dd, 2H), 8.19 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₃N₅O₇ 517.16, found 518.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A47 1-[6-(4′-Methoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A47 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 6.96 (d, 2H), 7.17 (d, 2H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₆N₄O₆ 478.19, found 479.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A48 1-{6-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A48 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 5.16 (s, 1H), 5.30 (s, 1H), 5.60 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, 2H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 8.16 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂N₆O₇ 470.15, found 471.1 (MH⁺).

Compound A49 4-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 2 Followed by Method 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded a yellow solid. Yield 54.71%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.29 (s, 1H); 6.52 (s, 1H); 3.80 (s, 3H); 3.71 (m, 2H); 2.11 (m, 2H); 2.01 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 409.2 (M⁺H³⁰ , 100%)

Compound A50 1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(4-oxo-cyclohexyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A50 was obtained as a yellow solid (45%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-2.05 (m, 6H), 2.21-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.10 (d, 2H), 7.26 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₈₃N₄O₆ 468.2, found 469.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A51 1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A51 was obtained as a yellow solid (61%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.90 (m, 2H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.02 (d, 2H), 7.22 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₆N₄O₆ 442.19, found 443.0 (MH⁺).

Compound A52 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propionyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A52 was obtained as a yellow solid (70%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.01 (q, 2H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 8.02 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₄N₄O₆ 428.17, found 429.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A53 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A53 was obtained as a yellow solid (57%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.28 (d, 2H), 8.10 (d, 2H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₀N₆O₅S 456.12, found 457.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A54 1-{6-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A54 was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.88 (t, 2H), 3.05 (t, 0.5H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.87 (t, 2H), 3.96-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 4.55 (t, 0.5H), 7.07 (d, 2H), 7.22 (d, 2H), 8.15 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₄N₄O₆ 416.17, found 417.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A55 {4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone

General Procedure 2 Followed by Method 1A. Flash column chromatography [Hexane:Ethyl Acetate=1:1]provided the intermediate as a yellow oil (444 mg, 84%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.40 (s, 1H); 3.70(sb, 4H); 2.1(t, 4H). Exact mass calculated for C₉H₉ClF₂N₄O₂ 278.04, LCMS (ESI) m/z 279.3(M+H⁺, 100%).

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A55 as yellow solid (26 mg, 59%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.25(s,1H); 7.90(dd,2H); 7.80(dd, 2H); 7.61(td, 1H); 7.50(td, 2H); 7.26(d,2H); 3.75 (sb, 4H); 2.15(qu,4H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₁₈F₂N₄O₄ 440.13, LCMS (ESI) m/z 4-[1.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A56 3-{4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A56 as yellow solid (10 mg, 24%).

¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.21(s,1H); 8.04(d,2H); 7.24(d, 2H); 4.01(s, 2H); 3.75 (sb, 4H); 2.15(q,4H); 2.00(sb,3H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉H₁₈F₂N₄O₆ 436.12, LCMS (ESI) m/z 437.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A57 2-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-5-ethanesulfonyl-phenylamine

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A57 as yellow oil (31 mg, 70%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.35 (s,1H); 8.18 (s,1H); 7.85 (s,1H); 7.63 (d, 11-1); 7.19 (d, 1H); 3.78 (s, 4H); 3.16 (q, 2H); 2.20 (q,4H); 1.21 (sb,3H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₇H₁₉F₂N₅O₅S 443.11, LCMS (ESI) m/z 444.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A58 4-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-6-(4,4-difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A58 as yellow solid (20 mg, 50%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.21 (s,1H); 7.25 (d,2H); 7.06 (d, 2H); 3.70 (s, 4H); 3.03 (q,1H); 2.10 (sb, 4 h); 1.80 (d,2H); 1.71 (t,2H); 1.60 (sb, 4H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₂ F₂N₄O₃ 404.17, LCMS (ESI) m/z 405.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A59 1-[6-(2,6-Dichloro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A59 was obtained as a yellow solid (52%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.35-4.05 (m, 16H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.55-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.95 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₃₂N₆O₆S 532.21, found 533.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A60 1-{6-[4-(4-Chloro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A60 was obtained as a yellow solid (52%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.35-4.05 (m, 16H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.55-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.95 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₃₂N₆O₆S 532.21, found 533.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A61 1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A61 was obtained as a yellow solid (52%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.35-4.05 (m, 16H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.55-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.95 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₃₂N₆O₆S 532.21, found 533.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A62 1-{6-[4-Cyanomethyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A62 was obtained as a yellow solid (52%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.35-4.05 (m, 16H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.55-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.95 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₃₂N₆O₆S 532.21, found 533.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A63 (4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone

General Procedure 2 followed by method 1a. Flash column chromatography [Methanol: Dichloromethane=1:9]provided the intermediate monochloro compound as red oil (124 mg, 35%). Exact mass calculated for C₁₁H₁₆ClN₅O₄S 349.06, LCMS (ESI) m/z 350.1 (M+H⁺, 100%). [method 1a]. Flash column chromatography [Hexane:Ethyl Acetate=2:1 then Methanol: Dichloromethane=1:9]provided compound A63 as yellow oil (7 mg, 14%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.13 (d,2H); 7.91 (d,2H); 7.80 (d, 2H); 7.60 (d, 1H); 7.50 (d, 2H); 7.21 (t, 1H); 4.03 (m, 2H); 3.71 (db, 6H); 3.31 (sb, 2H); 3.08 (s,3H); 3.00 (s,2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₅N₅O₆S 511.15, LCMS (ESI) m/z 512.1 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A64 4-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one

[Method 1a]. Flash column chromatography [Hexane:Ethyl Acetate=2:1 then Methanol: Dichloromethane=1:9]provided compound A64 as yellow oil (6 mg, 13%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.20 (s,1H); 7.21 (d,2H); 7.05 (d, 2H); 3.63 (s, 4H); 3.20 (d, 2H); 3.03 (s,3H); 2.90 (m, 4H); 2.80 (t, 2H); 2.61 (sb, 4H); 2.18 (s, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₇N₅O₆S 477.17, LCMS (ESI) m/z 478.1 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A65 3-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester

[Method 1a]. Flash column chromatography [Hexane:Ethyl Acetate=2:1 then Methanol: Dichloromethane=1:9]provided compound A65 as yellow oil (7 mg, 14%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.20 (s,1H); 8.02 (d, 2H); 7.26 (d,2H); 4.01 (d, 2H); 3.73 (s, 7H); 3.10 (sb, 5H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₅N₅O₈S 507.14, LCMS (ESI) m/z 508.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A66 4-(4-Methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 2 followed by general method 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded A66 as a yellow solid. Yield: 18%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.10 (s, 1H); 6.36 (s, 1H); 3.95 (d, 2H); 3.65 (s, 3H); 2.93 (m, 2H); 1.62 (m, 3H); 1.14 (m, 2H); 0.85 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 387 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A67 4-(4-Bromo-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 2 Followed by General Method 3]. Final purification by HPLC yielded an orange solid. Yield 22%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.31 (s, 1H); 6.51 (s, 1H); 4.41 (m, 1H); 3.84 (m, 2H); 3.81 (s, 3H); 3.66 (m, 2H); 2.17 (m, 2H); 1.98 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 453 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A68 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. provided compound A68 as yellow solid (501 mg, 55% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.25 (s, 1H); 6.51 (s, 1H); 4.13 (dt, 2H); 3.80 (s, 3H); 3.07 (td, 2H); 1.82 (d, 2H); 1.63-1.56 (m, 1H); 1.40-1.22 (m, 6H); 0.93 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₇H₂₁F₃N₆O₃ 414.16, LCMS (ESI) m/z 415.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A69 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide

[Method 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded a yellow solid. Yield 16%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.17 (s, 1H); 6.43 (s, 1H); 4.06 (m, 2H); 3.72 (s, 3H); 3.12 (m, 2H); 2.58 (m, 3H); 1.88 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 416.1 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A70 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A70 was obtained as a yellow solid (43%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 6.38 (d, 1H), 7.02 (d, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₀N₄O₇ 440.13, found 4-[1.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A71 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-oxo-benzo[1,3]oxathiol-6-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A71 was obtained as a yellow solid (34%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 7.02 (d, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉H₁₈N₄O₇S 446.09, found 447.0 (MH⁺).

Compound A72 1-[6-(9H-Carbazol-2-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A72 was obtained as a yellow solid (89%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 6.90 (d, 1H), 7.00 (d, 1H), 7.03-7.08 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.78-7.82 (m, 2H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₃N₅O₅ 461.17, found 462.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A73 1-[5-Nitro-6-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A73 was obtained as a yellow solid (84%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) d 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.05(m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.60 (m, 4H), 8.16 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₂N₄O₆ 474.15, found 475.1 (MH³⁰).

Compound A74 1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

General method 12:

A51 (348 mg, 0.786 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 mL), palladium on activated carbon (10 wt-degussa type) was added and the mixture purged with H₂. The reaction was monitored by LCMS and after completion the crude was filtered through celite and activated carbon. Purification by HPLC afforded Compound A74 as a light yellow oil. Yield: 26%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.14(s, 1H); 7.26 (d, 2H); 7.05 (d, 2H); 6.38 (s, 2H); 4.19 (m, 2H); 3.88 (d, 2H); 3.17 (m, 2H); 2.94 (m, 2H); 2.81 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 2.18 (s, 3H); 2.14 (d, 2H); 1.91 (m, 2H); 1.30 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 413.4 (M⁺H⁺, 100%).

Compound A75 1-[6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

General Method 13:

A74 (61 mg, 0,148 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (84 ml, 0.484 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.51 ml, 0.363 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and LCMS indicated the desired product. Purification by HPLC yielded light yellow oil. Yield 72.97%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.21 (s, 1H); 8.14 (s, 1H); 7.20 (d, 2H); 7.00 (d, 2H); 4.15 (m, 4H); 3.13 (m, 2H); 2.89 (m, 2H); 2.77 (m, 2H); 2.57 (m, 2H); 2.15 (s, 3H); 1.99 (m, 2H); 1.77 (m, 2H); 1.26 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 509.2 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A76 1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 12]. Purification by HPLC yielded oil. Yield 8%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.05 (s, 1H); 7.38 (m, 8H); 7.12 (d, 2H); 5.86 (s, 1H); 4.18 (m, 2H); 3.99 (s, 2H); 3.80 (d, 2H); 2.94 (m, 2H); 2.55 (m, 1H); 2.09 (m, 2H); 1.88 (m, 2H); 1.29 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 449.3 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A77 1-[6-(2-Benzoyl-5-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A77 was obtained as a yellow solid (52%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.35-4.05 (m, 16H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 7.55-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.95 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₃₂N₆O₆S 532.21, found 533.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A78 1-[6-(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A78 as yellow solid (63 mg, 61%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.20 (d, 1H); 8.08 (s, 1H); 7.43 (dd, 1H); 7.30 (d, 1H); 4.09 (q, 2H); 3.95 (dt, 2H); 3.15 (td, 2H); 2.55 (m, 1H); 1.95 (dt, 2H); 1.77 (td, 2H); 1.19 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₇H₁₈ClN₅O₅ 407.10, LCMS (ESI) m/z 408.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A79 1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A79 was obtained as an oil (46%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 6.00 (s, 2H), 6.57 (d, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.80 (d, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₀N₄O₇ 416.13, found 417.0 (MH⁺).

Compound A80 1-[6-(4-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A80 was obtained as a yellow solid (25%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) d 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 6.94-7.05 (m, 4H), 7.27-7.41 (m, 5H), 8.19 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₆N₄O₆ 478.19, found 479.1 (MH⁺).

Compound A81 1-[6-(3-Morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A81 was obtained as an oil (84%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.35 (m, 6H), 3.82-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.98-4.05(m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 6.75-6.80 (m, 2H), 6.95-6.99 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.38 (m, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₇N₅O₆ 457.20, found 458.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A82 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A82 was obtained as a yellow solid (32%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 7.26 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉H₁₉F₃N₄O₅S 472.1, found 473.1 (MH⁺).

Compound A83 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Following the general procedure, compound A83 was obtained as a yellow solid (79%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.14 (q, 2H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.26 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉H₁₉F₃N₄O₆ 456.13, found 457.1 (MH⁺).

Compound A84 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 13]. Purification by HPLC. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.97 (s, 1H); 7.79 (d, 2H); 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.52 (m, 1H); 7.41 (m, 2H); 7.13 (d, 2H); 4.09 (m, 4H); 3.11 (m, 2H); 2.53 (m, 1H); 1.94 (m, 2H); 1.72 (m, 2H); 1.19 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 543.5 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A85 {4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone General Procedure 2 followed by method 3

Intermediate: ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.26(s, 1H); 4.035(d, 2H); 2.94(td, 2H); 1.73(dt, 2H); 1.50 (m, 1H); 1.27 (m, 2H); 1.18 (m, 2H); 1.12 (dd, 2H); 0.84(t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₂H₁₇ClN₄O₂ 284.10, LCMS (ESI) m/z 285.0(M+H⁺, 100%).

[Method 1]. HPLC provided compound A85 as yellow oil (77 mg, 69% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.01(s, 1H); 7.71 (dd,2H); 7.62 (dd,2H); 7.41 (tt,1H); 7.30 (dt,2H); 7.07 (dt,3H); 3.92 (d, 2H); 2.86 (td,2H); 1.62 (dd, 2H); 1.39 (m, 1H); 1.14 (dt, 2H); 1.06 (t,2H); 1.06 (q, 2H); 0.72 (t,3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₆N₄O₄ 446.20, LCMS (ESI) m/z 447.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A86 {4-Methoxy-2-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone

[Method 1]. HPLC provided compound A86 as orange oil (67 mg, 57% yield).

¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 7.88 (s, 1H); 7.50 (dd,2H); 7.40 (s,1H); 7.37 (tt,1H); 7.30 (t,1H); 7.22 (t,2H); 6.71 (dd,1H); 6.625 (d, 1H); 3.81 (d, 2H); 3.71 (s,3H); 2.81 (td,2H); 1.58 (dd, 2H); 1.36 (m, 1H); 1.16 (dt, 2H); 1.06 (td,2H); 1.01 (dd, 2H); 0.73 (t,3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₈N₄O₅ 476.21, LCMS (ESI) m/z 476.9(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A87 4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one

[Method 1]. HPLC provided compound A87 as yellow solid (62 mg, 59% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.08 (s, 1H); 7.13 (d,2H); 6.95 (d,2H); 4.00 (d, 2H); 2.96 (td,2H); 2.82 (t,2H); 2.69 (t, 2H); 2.07 (s, 3H); 1.71 (dd, 2H); 1.48 (m, 1H); 1.27 (m, 2H); 1.17 (m, 4H); 0.83 (t,3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₈N₄O₄412.21, LCMS (ESI) m/z 413.4 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A88 5-Nitro-4-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine

[Method 1]. HPLC provided compound A88 as yellow solid (61 mg, 56% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.56 (s, 1H); 8.11 (s, 1H); 8.02 (d, 2H); 7.22 (d,2H); 4.03 (d, 2H); 2.96 (td,2H); 1.73 (dd, 2H); 1.48 (m, 1H); 1.27 (m, 2H); 1.2 (m, 4H); 0.84 (t,3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₂N₆O₃S 426.15, LCMS (ESI) m/z 427.1 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A89 3-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxyl]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester

[Method 1]. HPLC provided compound A89 and A89a [enol] as yellow solid (12 mg, 4 mg, 18% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): A89: 8.08 (s, 1H); 7.94 (d, 2H); 7.18 (d, 2H); 4.02 (d, 2H); 3.92 (s,2H); 3.68 (s,3H); 2.96 (td,2H); 1.72 (dd, 2H); 1.50 (m, 1H); 1.26 (m, 2H); 1.17 (m, 4H); 0.83 (t,3H). A89a: 8.08(s, 1H); 7.94(d, 2H); 7.75(dd, 2H); 7.12 (dd, 2H); 5.57(s, 1H); 4.02 (d, 2H); 3.73 (s,3H); 2.96 (t,2H); 1.72 (d, 2H); 1.51(m, 1H); 1.26 (m, 2H); 1.18 (m, 4H); 0.83 (t,3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₆N₄O₆ 442.19, LCMS (ESI) m/z 443.3(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A90 5-Ethanesulfonyl-2-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenylamine

[Method 1]. HPLC provided compound A92 as yellow solid (60 mg, 53% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.2 (s, 1H); 7.97 (s, 1H); 7.63 (d, 1H); 7.61 (s, 1H); 7.11 (d, 1H); 3.13 (td, 2H); 3.04 (q, 2H); 1.81 (d, 2H); 1.59 (m, 1H); 1.28 (m, 2H); 1.2 (m, 4H); 0.84 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₇N₅O₅S 449.17, LCMS (ESI) m/z 450.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A91 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

4,6-Dichloro-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (254 mg, 1.47 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (3 mL). K₂CO₃ (203 mg, 1.47 mmol) and phenoxy methyl sulfone (253 mg, 1.47 mmol) were added to the solution at 0° C. The reaction was stirred for 30 min. The completion of the reaction was judged with TLC (EtOAc: Hex=1:1, Ri_(f)=0.82). After the completion of the reaction, were added the oxodiimidazol (340 mg, 1.47 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (406 mg, 2.94 mmol) to the reaction at 0° C. The reaction was warmed to rt and stirred for 30 min. The reaction was heated to 40° C. and maintained for 1 h. The reaction was cooled to rt, poured in to H₂O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL, two times). The EtOAc was dried over MgSO₂ and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified over SiO₂ (EtOAc:Hex=1:1, R_(f)=0.39) to afford the desired compound (523 mg; 76.1%). ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): 8.32 (1H, s), 8.02 (2H, J=4.3 Hz, d), 8.00 (2H, J=4.3 Hz, d), 4.68 (2H, m), 3.50 (2H, m), 3.32 (1H, m), 3.44 (3H, s), 3.05 (1H, m), 2.22 (2H, m), 1.83 (2H, J=17 Hz, d), 1.25 (6H, J=7 Hz, d) ppm. LCMS: 469.4, 384.9, 357.2.

The starting material, 4,6-Dichloro-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, used in the preparation of Compound A91 was prepared in the following manner: To a solution of 5-fomyl-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (3.6 g, 20.3 mmol) in EtOAc (50 ml), was added a solution of NH₂OH.HCl (1.41 g, 20.3 mmol) in H₂O (30 ml) followed by AcONa (1.67 g, 20.3 mmol) at rt. After stirring for 2 h, the reaction was washed with H₂O (50 ml, two times) and dried over MgSO₄. The EtOAc was concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude iminohydroxy compound (3.51 g, 90.2%). The crude compound was used for next step without further purification. The iminohydroxy compound (3.51 g, 18.3 mmol) was dissolved in SOCl₂ (20 ml) at 0° C. and stirred for 30 min. The reaction was warmed to rt and maintained for 3 h. The reaction was poured into H₂O (100 g) portionwise and stirred for 30 min. The precipitate was filtered, washed with H₂O (100 mL) and dried under vacuum to afford 4,6-Dichloro-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (2.99 g, 91%). ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): 8.53 ppm; LCMS: not detectable.

Compound A92 1-[6-(4-Difluoromethoxy-benzyloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 7]. The residue was purified by preparatory LCMS. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.19 (s, 1H); 7.38 (d, 2H); 7.08 (d, 2H); 6.47 (m, 1H); 5.43 (s, 2H); 4.12 (q, 2H); 3.93 (m, 2H); 3.12 (m, 2H); 2.56 (m, 1H); 1.96 (m, 2H); 1.76 (m 2H); 1.23 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₂₂F₂N₄O₆: m/z 452 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A93 1-[6-(3-Difluoromethoxy-benzyloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 7]. The residue was purified by preparatory LCMS. ¹HNMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.16 (s, 1H); 7.29 (t, 1H); 7.17 (d, 1H); 7.11 (s, 1H); 7.00 (d, 1H); 6.45 (m, 1H); 5.40 (s, 2H); 4.08 (q, 2H); 3.89 (m, 2H); 3.08 (m, 2H); 2.52 (m, 1H); 1.92 (m, 2H); 1.74 (m 2H); 1.19 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₂₂F₂N₄O₆: m/z 452 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A94 2-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-ethanol

[Methods 2 Followed by 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded brownish oil. Yield 21%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.50 (s, 1H); 6.76 (s, 1H); 4.37 (d, 2H); 4.04 (s, 3H); 3.99 (m, 2H); 3.33 (t, 2H); 1.82 (m, 8H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 417 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A95 3-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-propionic acid

[Method 2 Followed by 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded brownish solid. Yield 21%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.20 (s, 1H); 6.45 (s, 1H); 4.07 (d, 2H); 3.74 (s, 3H); 3.01 (m, 2H); 2.33 (m, 2H); 2.19 (m, 2H); 1.58 (m, 4H); 1.28 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 459 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A96 4-[4-(4-Methyl-benzyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 2 followed by 3]. Purification by Flash Chromatography yielded an yellow oil. Yield 29%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.11 (m, 2H); 7.04 (m, 2H); 6.51 (s, 1H); 4.12 (m, 2H); 3.79 (s, 3H); 3.03 (t, 2H); 2.57 (d, 2H); 2.34 (s, 3H); 1.83 (m, 3H); 1.33 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 477 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A97 4-(3-Methanesulfonyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Methods 2 and 3].Purification by HPLC yielded brownish oil. Yield 30%. LCMS (ESI) m/z 438 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A98 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine

[Methods 2 and 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded orange solid. Yield 77%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.1 (d, 1H); 7.51 (t, 1H); 7.02 (m, 2H); 6.54 (s, 1H); 3.82 (m, 7H); 2.09 (m, 5H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 533.1 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A99 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine

[Methods 2 and 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded A99 as a brown oil. Yield 12%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.31 (s, 1H); 6.54 (s, 1H); 4.22 (d, 2H); 3.82 (s, 3H); 3.12 (m, 2H); 2.40 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.72 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 482.1 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A100 4′-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Purification by HPLC provided compound A100 as yellow solid (43 mg, 41%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 7.84 (d, 1H); 7.81 (s, 2H); 7.73 (d, 2H); 7.52 (t, 1H); 7.41 (q,2H); 7.17 (d, 2H); 6.57 (d, 1H); 4.10 (q, 2H); 3.48 (dt,2H); 3.03 (td, 2H); 2.50 (m, 5H); 1.96 (dd, 2H); 1.81 (td, 2H); 1.21 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₅N₃O₆475.17 LCMS (ESI) m/z 476.0 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A101 3′-Nitro-4-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1]. Purification by HPLC provided compound A101 as yellow oil (49 mg, 49%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 7.89 (d,1H); 7.21 (d, 2H); 7.05 (d, 2H); 6.60 (d, 1H); 4.19 (q,2H); 3.56 (dt, 2H); 3.12 (td, 2H); 2.91 (t, 2H); 2.78 (t,2H); 2.59 (t, 1H); 2.17 (s, 3H); 2.04 (dd, 2H); 1.89 (m, 2H); 1.30 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₇N₃O₆ 4-[1.19 LCMS (ESI) m/z 442.5 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A102 4′-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-phenoxy]-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A102 as yellow solid (28 mg, 27%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.03 (d, 2H); 7.92 (d, 1H); 7.24 (d, 2H); 6.65 (d, 1H); 4.19 (q, 2H); 3.57 (dd, 2H); 3.12 (td, 2H); 2.62 (s, 3H); 2.59 (m, 1H); 2.05 (dd, 2H); 1.90 (m, 2H); 1.30 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₅N₃O₈ 471.16 LCMS (ESI) m/z 472.4 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A103 4′-(2-Amino-4-ethanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A103 as brown solid (61 mg, 57%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 9.83 (s,1H); 7.97 (d, 1H); 7.45 (dd, 1H); 7.10 (d, 1H); 6.76 (d, 1H); 4.10 (q,2H); 3.45 (d, 2H); 3.16 (m, 4H); 2.69 (m, 1H); 1.93 (d,2H); 1.69 (t, 2H); 1.18 (t,3H); 1.12 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₆N₄O₇S 478.15 LCMS (ESI) m/z 479.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A104 4′-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A104 as brown oil (64 mg, 65%). ¹HNMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.85 (s, 1H); 7.90 (d, 1H); 7.57 (d, 1H); 7.53 (dd,2H); 7.45 (d, 1H); 7.41 (dd, 2H); 4.20 (q, 2H); 3.56 (d, 2H); 3.13 (td, 2H); 2.60 (m, 1H); 2.06 (dd, 2H); 1.90 (td, 2H); 1.30 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃N₅O₅ 437.17 LCMS (ESI) m/z 438.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A105 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine

[Method 2 followed by 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded orange oil. Yield 41%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.31 (s, 1H); 6.54 (s, 1H); 4.22 (d, 2H); 3.82 (s, 3H); 3.12 (m, 2H); 2.40 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.72 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 481.1 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A106 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine

[Method 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded A106 as an orange solid. Yield 55%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.47 (m, 2H); 7.34 (m, 2H); 6.53 (s, 1H); 4.03 (d, 2H); 3.82 (s, 3H); 3.42 (m, 1H); 3.33 (m, 2H); 2.09 (m, 3H); 1.74 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 481.1 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A107 1-[6-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Purification by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 50%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.12 (s, 1H); 7.30 (m, 2H); 7.19 (s, 1H); 7.06 (m, 1H); 4.10 (q, 2H); 3.95 (m, 2H); 3.14 (m, 2H); 3.03 (s, 1H); 2.56 (m, 1H); 1.95 (m, 2H); 1.76 (m, 2H); 1.20 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₂₀N₄O₅: m/z 396 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A108 1-[6-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. Purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 42%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.00 (s, 1H); 7.06 (m, 3H); 4.02 (q, 2H); 3.86 (m, 2H); 3.07 (m, 2H); 2.48 (m, 1H); 1.87 (m, 2H); 1.69 (m, 2H); 1.12 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₁₈ClFN₄O₅: m/z 424 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A109 1-[6-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 34%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.14 (s, 1H); 7.15 (m, 1H); 6.89 (m, 2H); 4.14 (q, 2H); 3.98 (m, 2H); 3.19 (m, 2H); 2.60 (m, 1H); 2.00 (m, 2H); 1.82 (m, 2H); 1.24 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₁₈F₂N₄O₅: m/z 408 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A110 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 41%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.07 (s, 1H); 7.26(m, 2H); 7.02 (t, 1H); 4.09(q, 2H); 3.94 (m, 2H); 3.14 (m, 2H); 2.55 (m, 1H); 1.95 (m, 2H); 1.76 (m, 2H); 1.19 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₁₈BrFN₄O₅: m/z 468 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A111 4-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 28%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.07 (s, 1H); 7.28 (m, 2H); 7.19 (m, 1H); 7.05 (m, 1H); 4.00 (m, 2H); 3.01 (s, 1H); 2.93 (m, 2H); 1.71 (m, 2H); 1.48 (m, 1H); 1.28 (m, 2H); 1.16 (m, 4H); 0.83 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₂₂N₄O₃: m/z 366 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A112 4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. Purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 39%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.04 (s, 1H); 7.13 (m, 3H); 4.01 (m, 2H); 2.94 (m, 2H); 1.71 (m, 2H); 1.49 (m, 1H); 1.28 (m, 2H); 1.16 (m, 4H); 0.82 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₂₀ClFN₄O₃: m/z 394 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A113 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 54%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.04 (s, 1H); 7.10 (m, 1H); 6.85 (m, 2H); 4.00 (m, 2H); 2.94 (m, 2H); 1.71 (m, 2H); 1.49 (m, 1H); 1.28 (m, 2H); 1.16 (m, 4H); 0.82 (t, 3H).LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₂₀F₂N₄O₃: m/z 378(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A114 4-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 62%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.15 (s, 1H); 7.35 (m, 2H); 7.12 (t, 1H); 4.10 (m, 2H); 3.10 (m, 2H); 1.81 (m, 2H); 1.59 (m, 1H); 1.36 (m, 2H); 1.26 (m, 4H); 0.93 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₂₀BrFN₄O₃: m/z 438 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A115 3′-Nitro-2′-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

General Procedure 2:

Intermediate monochloro as a yellow oil (128 mg, 80% yield).Exact mass calculated for C₁₅H₁₃ClN₂O₄ 320.06, LCMS (ESI) m/z 320.8 (M+H⁺, 100%). [method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A119 as yellow oil (44 mg, 50%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.30 (d,1H); 7.42 (d, 2H); 7.18 (d, 2H); 6.40 (d, 1H); 4.34 (q, 2H); 3.95 (dt, 2H); 3.36 (td, 2H); 3.10(t, 2H); 2.96 (t, 2H); 2.74 (m, 1H); 2.34 (s, 3H); 2.20 (dt, 2H); 2.05 (td, 2H); 1.44 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₇N₃O₆ 4-[1.19 LCMS (ESI) m/z 442.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A116 4-[4-(3′-Nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4′]bipyridinyl-2′-yloxy)-phenyl]-butan-2-one

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A116 as yellow oil (34 mg, 32%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.09 (d, 1H); 7.24 (d, 2H); 7.00 (d, 2H); 6.15 (d, 1H); 3.80 (d, 2H); 3.06 (td, 2H); 2.91 (t,2H); 2.77 (t, 2H); 1.77 (d, 2H); 1.51 (m, 1H); 1.36-1.22 (m, 6H); 0.8 (t,3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₉N₃O₄ 411.22 LCMS (ESI) m/z 412.4 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A117 2′-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A117 as yellow oil (37 mg, 39%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.24 (d, 1H); 7.97 (d, 2H); 7.86 (d, 2H); 7.68 (t, 1H); 7.57(t, 2H); 7.27 (d, 2H); 6.36 (d, 1H); 4.23 (q, 2H); 3.87 (dt, 2H); 3.23 (td, 2H); 2.66-2.60 (m, 1H); 2.08 (dt, 2H); 1.92 (td, 2H); 1.33 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₅N₃O₆ 475.17 LCMS (ESI) m/z 476.2(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A118 4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one

[Method 1a]. The crude was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by preparative TLC. [SiO₂; 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 37 mg, 48%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm) 8.36 (d, 1H); 8.11 (s, 1H); 7.42 (ddd, 1H); 7.11 (m, 3H); 6.95 (m, 3H); 4.12 (heptet, 1H); 3.94 (tt, 2H); 3.33 (m, 2H); 2.84 (m, 2H); 2.70 (m, 2H); 2.15 (m, 2H); 2.08 (s, 3H); 1.75 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 480 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A119 [4-(3′-Nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4]bipyridinyl-2′-yloxy)-phenyl]-phenyl-methanone

General Procedure 2: Intermediate monochloro as a yellow oil (142 mg, 80% yield). Exact mass calculated for C₁₈H₁₁ClN₂O₄354.04, LCMS (ESI) m/z 355.2 (M+H⁺, 100%). [method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A119 as yellow solid (26 mg, 29%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.33 (d, 1H); 8.07 (d, 2H); 7.94 (d, 2H); 7.77 (m, 1H); 7.65 (t, 2H); 7.37 (d, 2H); 6.44 (d, 1H); 3.96 (d, 2H); 3.28 (td, 2H); 1.95 (d, 2H); 1.71-1.65 (m, 1H); 1.51-1.38 (m, 6H); 1.1 (t,3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₇N₃O₄ 445.20 LCMS (ESI) m/z 446.0 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A120 4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one

[Method 2 followed by method 1]. Yield 0.173 g, 83%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.30 (s, 1H); 7.53 (m, 1H); 7.42 (m, 1H); 6.93 (m, 2H); 4.75 (m, 1H); 3.77 (m, 2H); 3.56 (m, 2H); 1.95 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 403 (M+H⁺, 100%)

[Method 1a]. Compound A120 purified through a silica plug [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.067 g, 85%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.12 (s, 1H); 7.53 (m, 1H); 7.42 (m, 1H); 7.15 (m, 2H); 6.97 (m, 4H); 3.72 (m, 2H); 3.60 (m, 2H); 2.82 (m, 2H); 2.70 (m, 3H); 2.08 (m, 4H); 1.97 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 531 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A121 4-(4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one

[Method 1]. Purification by HPLC. Yield 52%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.11 (s, 1H); 7.17 (d, 2H); 6.98 (d, 2H); 4.06 (d, 2H); 3.23 (t, 2H); 3.12 (d, 2H); 3.00 (m, 2H); 2.85 (t, 2H); 2.72 (t, 2H); 2.10 (s, 3H); 1.81 (m, 4H); 1.28 (m, 2H); 0.84 (t, 6H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 453 (M+H⁺, 100%)

[Method 1a]. Purification by HPLC yielded a yellow solid. Yield 62%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.15 (d, 2H); 6.98 (d, 2H); 4.02 (d, 2H); 3.22 (m, 3H); 2.83 (t, 2H); 2.70 (t, 2H); 2.33 (s, 3H); 2.10 (m, 5H); 1.04 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 453.2 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A122 (4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone

Purification by HPLC yielded yellow solid. Yield 68%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.04 (s, 1H); 7.71 (d, 2H); 7.61 (d, 2H); 7.41 (m, 1H); 7.30 (m, 2H); 7.08 (m, 2H); 3.92 (d, 2H); 3.13 (m, 3H); 2.21 (s, 3H); 2.02 (m, 2H); 1.83 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 487.1 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A123 1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1]. HPLC provided compound A123 as yellow solid (85 mg, 86% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.79 (d, 2H); 7.76 (d, 2H); 7.20 (d, 2H); 7.10 (d,2H); 4.09 (q, 2H); 3.96 (dt,2H); 3.15 (td, 2H); 2.59-2.52 (m, 1H); 1.96 (dt, 2H); 1.77 (td, 2H); 1.19 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₃FN₄O₆ 494.16, LCMS (ESI) m/z 495.1 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A124 (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{4-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-methanone

[Method 1]. HPLC provided compound A124 as yellow solid (69 mg, 84% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.10 (s, 1H); 7.78 (d, 2H); 7.76 (d, 2H); 7.19 (d, 2H); 7.09 (tt, 2H); 4.03 (d, 2H); 2.96 (td, 2H); 1.73 (dd, 2H); 1.51(m, 1H); 1.37 (m, 2H); 1.21 (m, 2H); 1.15(m, 2H); 0.83 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₅FN₄O₄ 464.19, LCMS (ESI) m/z 465.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A125 4-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded yellow oil. Yield 38%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.16 (s, 1H); 6.38 (s, 1H); 3.98 (d, 2H); 3.65 (s, 3H); 3.21 (m, 3H); 2.26 (s, 3H); 2.08 (m, 2H); 1.89 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 417 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A126 4-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 3]. Purification by HPLC yielded A126 as a yellow oil. Yield 21%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.05 (s, 1H); 6.30 (s, 1H); 3.93 (d, 2H); 3.59 (s, 3H); 3.15 (s, 3H); 3.07 (m, 2H); 2.89 (m, 2H); 1.69 (m, 3H); 1.15 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 417 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A127 4-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one

[Method 1a]. Purification by HPLC yielded A127 as a yellow solid. Yield 19%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.04 (s, 1H); 7.07 (d, 2H); 6.91 (d, 2H); 3.98 (d, 2H); 3.22 (s, 3H); 3.14 (d, 2H); 2.92 (m, 2H); 2.76 (m, 2H); 2.64 (m, 2H); 2.02 (s, 3H); 1.74 (m, 3H); 1.20 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 414.45 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A128 4-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 2 Followed by 1a]. Purification by HPLC yielded orange solid. Yield 41%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.11 (s, 1H); 6.36 (s, 1H); 3.97 (d, 2H); 3.65 (s, 3H); 3.33 (m, 2H); 3.22 (s, 3H); 2.93 (m, 2H); 1.69 (m, 3H); 1.43 (m, 2H); 1.16 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 431.1 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A129 4-{4-[6-(4-Ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one

[Method 1a]. A129 was purified by HPLC. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.10 (d, 2H), 6.80 (d, 2H), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.30 (q, 2H), 3.15 (d, 2H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.70 (t, 2H), 2.60 (t, 2H), 2.00 (s, 3H) 1.70 (m, 3H), 1.20 (m, 2H), 1.00 (t, 2H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₈N₄O₅: m/z 429.0 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A130 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. A130 was purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 73%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.67 (d, 1H); 8.10(s, 1H); 7.80 (t, 1H); 7.42 (d, 1H); 7.31(t, 1H); 7.11 (m, 1H); 6.88 (m, 2H); 4.12 (m, 1H); 3.99 (m, 2H); 3.29 (m, 2H); 2.14 (m, 2H); 1.76 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₁₇F₂N₅O₃S: m/z 445 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A131 (4-Methoxy-2-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone

[Method 1a]. Purified by semi preparatory LCMS afforded the pure product in 38%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.55 (d, 1H); 7.98 (s, 1H); 7.62 (m, 3H); 7.46 (m, 2H); 7.31 (m, 3H); 7.15 (m, 1H); 6.80 (m, 1H); 6.72 (d, 1H); 4.05 (m, 1H); 3.86 (m, 2H); 3.82 (s, 3H, —OCH₃); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.09 (m, 2H); 1.70 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₈H₂₅N₅O₅S: m/z 543 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A132 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-6-(4-ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 1]. crude product was purified by HPLC to afford yellow oil (35.4 mg, 27%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ S (ppm): 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.20 (m, 1H), 6.80 (d, 2H), 7.00-6.90 (m, 2H), 4.10 (m, 2H), 3.50 (d, 2H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.40 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₂₀FN₄O₄: m/z 395.1 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A133 4-{4-[6-(4-Cyclopropylmethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one

[Method 2 followed by method 1a]. Purification by HPLC yielded yellow solid. Yield 53%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ S (ppm): 7.97 (s, 1H); 7.02 (d, 2H); 6.84 (d, 2H); 3.92 (d, 2H); 3.13 (m, 2H); 3.07 (m, 2H); 2.86 (m, 2H); 2.71 (m, 21-1); 2.57 (m, 2H); 1.56 (s, 3H); 1.70 (m, 3H); 1.13 (m, 2H); 0.85 (m, 1H); 0.34 (m, 2H); 0.01 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 455.2 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A134 4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one

[Method 2 Followed by 1a]. Purification by HPLC yielded yellow solid. Yield 22%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ S (ppm): 8.03 (s, 1H); 7.08 (d, 2H); 6.90 (d, 2H); 3.98 (d, 2H); 3.24 (t, 2H); 3.16 (d, 2H); 2.92 (m, 2H); 2.76 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 2H); 2.01 (s, 3H); 1.74 (m, 3H); 1.45 (m, 2H); 1.19 (m, 2H); 0.78 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 443.3 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A135 1-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-ethanone

[Method 1a]. Yield 12%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.03 (s, 1H); 7.89 (d, 2H); 7.10 (d, 2H); 3.99 (d, 2H); 3.21 (t, 3H); 3.13 (m, 2H); 2.93 (m, 2H); 2.47 (s, 3H); 1.75 (m, 3H); 1.19 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 387 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A136 4-{4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one

Following general procedure 1, compound A136 was obtained as a yellow oil (70%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 0.70 (t, 3H), 1.04-1.17 (m, 7H), 1.53(d, 2H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 2.54-2.70 (m, 6H), 3.10(d, 2H), 6.36 (d, 2H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 6.77 (d, 2H), 6.96 (d, 2H), 7.04(t, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₃₀N₂O₄ 410.22, found 411.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A137 1-{4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-ethanone

Following the general procedure 1, compound A137 was obtained as a yellow solid (11%) ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 0.82 (t, 3H), 1.17-1.28 (m, 7H), 1.64 (d, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.67 (t, 2H), 3.20 (d, 2H), 6.58 (d, 1H), 6.89 (d, 1H), 6.98 (d, 2H), 7.24 (t, 1H), 7.88 (d, 2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₆N₂O₄ 382.19, found 383.3 (MH⁺).

Compound A138 {4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone

The intermediate monofluoro was made by method 2. It was obtained as a yellow solid (88% yield). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 0.88 (t, 3H), 1.24-1.33 (m, 7H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 2.74 (t, 2H), 3.23 (d, 2H), 6.77(t, 1H), 6.87 (d, 1H), 7.30 (d, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₄H₁₉FN₂O₂ 266.14, found 297.0 (MH⁺).

Following the general procedure 2, compound A138 was obtained as a yellow oil (72%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 0.75 (t, 3H), 1.10-1.24 (m, 7H), 1.59-1.62 (m, 2H), 2.67 (t, 2H), 3.20 (d, 2H), 6.59 (d, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 6.95 (d, 2H), 7.21 (t, 1H), 7.34 (t, 2H), 7.44 (t, 1H), 7.63 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₇H₂₈N₂O₄ 444.20, found 445.1(MH⁺).

Compound A139 3-{4-[2-Nitro-3-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester

[Method 1]. Following the general procedure, compound A139 was obtained as a yellow solid (6%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 0.71 (t, 3H), 0.99-1.16 (m, 7H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 6.74 (d, 1H), 6.96 (d, 2H), 7.06 (d, 1H), 7.37 (t, 1H), 7.83(d, 2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₈N₂O₆ 440.19, found 399.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A140 4-{4-[6-(4-Butoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one

[Method 1a]. Purification by HPLC yielded yellow oil. Yield 41%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.03 (s, 1H); 7.08 (d, 2H); 6.89 (d, 2H); 3.97 (d, 2H); 3.27 (t, 2H); 3.16 (d, 2H); 2.90 (m, 2H); 2.76 (t, 2H); 2.63 (t, 2H); 2.02 (s, 3H); 1.74 (m, 1H); 1.70 (d, 2H); 1.41 (m, 2H); 1.22 (m, 4H); 0.78 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 457 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A141 4-{4-[6-(4-Isobutoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one

[Method 1a]. Purification by HPLC yielded yellow oil. Yield 45%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.11 (s, 1H); 7.17 (d, 2H); 6.98 (d, 2H); 4.06 (d, 2H); 3.23 (t, 2H); 3.12 (d, 2H); 3.00 (m, 2H); 2.85 (t, 2H); 2.72 (t, 2H); 2.10 (s, 3H); 1.81 (m, 4H); 1.28 (m, 2H); 0.84 (t, 6H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 457 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A142 (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-[4-(3′-nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl-4′-yloxy)-phenyl]-methanone

General Procedure 2 provided the monochloro intermediate as yellow crystal (484 mg, 66% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.21(d, 1H); 6.91 (d, 1H); 3.62(d, 2H); 3.09 (td, 2H); 1.89 (d, 2H); 1.61 (m, 1H); 1.50-1.34 (m, 6H); 1.03 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₃H₁₈ClN₃O₂ 283.11, LCMS (ESI) m/z 284.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A142 as tan solid (34 mg, 37% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 7.83 (d, 1H); 7.78 (d, 2H); 7.75 (d, 2H); 7.15 (d, 2H); 7.11 (d, 2H); 6.58 (d, 1H); 3.51 (d, 2H); 2.97 (td, 2H); 1.73 (dd, 2H); 1.49-1.42 (m, 1H); 1.31-1.17 (m, 6H); 0.84 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₆FN₃O₄ 463.19, LCMS (ESI) m/z 464.0 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A143 4-[4-(3′-Nitro-4-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2]bipyridinyl-4′-yloxy)-phenyl]-butan-2-one

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A143 as yellow solid (57 mg, 70% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 7.75 (d, 1H); 7.11 (d, 2H); 6.95 (d, 2H); 6.46 (d, 2H); 3.46 (d, 2H); 2.90 (td, 2H); 2.81 (t, 2H); 2.68(t, 2H); 2.07 (s, 3H); 1.69 (m, 2H); 1.43-1.38 (m, 1H); 1.29-1.16 (m, 6H); 0.83 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₉N₃O₄ 411.22, LCMS (ESI) m/z 412.0 (M+H³⁰ , 100%).

Compound A144 3′-Nitro-4-propyl-4′-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]bipyridinyl

[Method 1a]. HPLC provided compound A144 as yellow solid (46 mg, 56% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.62(s, 1H); 8.08 (s, 1H); 7.72(d, 1H); 7.58 (d, 2H); 7.18 (d, 2H); 6.49 (d, 1H); 3.43(d, 2H); 2.89 (td, 2H); 1.66 (d, 2H); 1.42-1.35 (m, 1H); 1.25-1.11 (m, 6H); 0.79 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₄N₆O₃ 408.19, LCMS (ESI) m/z 409.0 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A145 1-{2-Nitro-3-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

The intermediate monofluoro was made by method 2. It was obtained as a yellow solid (90% yield). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.20 (t, 3H), 1.77-1.93 (m, 4H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.79 (t, 2H), 3.18-3.22 (m, 2H), 4.08 (q, 2H), 6.77-6.86 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.31 (m, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₄H₁₇FN₂O₄ 296.12, found 297.2. Following general procedure 1, compound A145 was obtained as a yellow oil (61%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.19 (t, 3H), 1.77-1.83(m, 2H), 1.88-1.92(m, 2H), 2.07(s, 3H), 2.30-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.82(m, 6H), 3.18-3.22(m, 2H), 4.07 (q, 2H), 6.50 (d, 1H), 6.79 (d, 1H), 6.88(d, 2H), 7.08(d, 2H), 7.16(t,1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₈N₂O₆ 440.19, found 4-[1.1 (MH⁺).

Compound A146 1-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-2-nitro-phenyl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 2]. Intermediate was obtained as a yellow solid (90% yield). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.20 (t, 3H), 1.77-1.93 (m, 4H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.79 (t, 2H), 3.18-3.22 (m, 2H), 4.08 (q, 2H), 6.77-6.86 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.31 (m, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₄H₁₇FN₂O₄ 296.12, found 297.2 (MH⁺). Following the general procedure 1, compound A146 was obtained as a yellow solid (44%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.20 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.91 (m, 4H), 2.37(m, 1H), 2.74-2.81(m, 2H), 3.22-3.25 (m, 2H), 4.10 (q, 2H), 6.68(d, 1H), 6.93 (d, 1H), 7.02 (d, 2H), 7.29 (t, 1H), 7.42(t, 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.70(d, 2H), 7.76(d, 2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₇H₂₆N₂O₆ 474.18, found 475.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A147 {4-[6-(4-Ethoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone

[Method 1a]. Purification by HPLC. Yield 24%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.03 (s, 1H); 7.66 (m, 4H); 7.07 (m, 2H); 6.98 (m, 2H); 3.65 (m, 2H); 3.48 (m, 1H); 3.39 (q, 2H); 3.25 (m, 2H); 1.77 (m, 2H); 1.56 (m, 2H); 1.06 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 467 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A148 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-ol

[Method 3]. Purification by HPLC. Yield 35% yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO (ppm): 8.26 (s, 1H); 6.67 (s, 1H); 4.82 (s, 1H); 3.75 (m, 2H); 3.68 (s, 3H); 3.31 (m, 2H); 1.76 (m, 2H); 1.41 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 389 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A149 1-[6-(4-Acetyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. The mixture was purified by HPLC to give compound A149 as a yellow solid (57 mg, 70%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.98-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 3.97-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.17 (q, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 8.02 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₂N₄O₆ 414.15, found 415.2 (MH⁺).

Compound A150 (1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone

[Method 1a]. Purification by HPLC. Yield 40% of a yellow solid as TFA salt. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.0 (s, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 8.01 (m, 2H); 7.91 (m, 2H); 7.76 (m, 4H); 7.19 (m, 2H); 7.09 (m, 4H); 4.06 (d, 2H); 3.52 (m, 1H); 3.25 (m, 2H); 1.88 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 545.4 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A151 4-(4-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one

[Method 1a]. Purification by HPLC yielded yellow solid. Yield 62%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.25 (s, 1H); 8.04 (m, 2H); 7.26 (m, 4H); 7.10 (d, 2H); 4.19 (m, 2H); 3.61 (m, 1H); 3.35 (m, 2H); 2.96(t; 2H); 2.83 (t, 2H); 2.21 (s, 3H); 2.00 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 493.4 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound A152 4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-cyclohexyl]-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. The crude was dissolved in DMF and purified by HPLC. Yellow solid. Yield 66 mg, 72%. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 8.43 (m, 1H); 8.12 (s, 1H); 7.94 (tt, 2H); 7.49 (ddd, 1H); 7.28 (tt, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1H); 7.01 (m, 1H); 4.10 (heptet, 1H); 3.96 (tt, 2H); 3.34 (m, 2H); 3.00 (s, 3H); 2.15 (m, 2H); 1.75 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 488 (M+H+, 100%)

Compound A153 4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)-cyclohexyl]-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. The crude was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by HPLC. Yellow solid. Yield 85 mg, 87%. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 8.41 (m, 2H); 8.10(s, 1H); 7.94 (m, 2H); 7.79 (m, 2H); 7.33 (m, 2H); 4.02 (m, 3H); 3.37 (m, 2H); 3.06 (s, 3H); 2.20 (m, 2H); 1.78 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 488 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A154 4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-cyclohexyl)-pyrimidine

[Method 1a]. The crude was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by HPLC. Yellow solid. Yield 80 mg, 83%. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 7.97 (s, 1H); 7.78 (m, 2H); 7.21 (m, 2H); 7.15 (m, 3H); 7.08 (m, 2H); 3.80 (m, 2H); 3.16 (heptet, 1H); 3.06 (m, 2H); 2.86 (s, 3H); 1.87 (m, 2H); 1.50 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 487 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A155 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 1a]. yellow solid (92%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.79 (m, 2H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 3.18 (t, 2H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 4.10 (q, 2H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 10.13 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₀F₃N₅O₄S 471.45, found 472.1 (MH⁺).

Compound A156 5-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine

Using the method described herein Compound A156 was prepared. The crude mixture was purified by flash chromatography, eluted with 50% ethyl acetate/hexane to afford Compound A156 (316.5 mg, 67.8%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.26(d, 2H), 5.95(s, 1H), 4.10 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.17 (q, 1H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.28 (d, 6H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₄H₂₉N₅O₆S: m/z 516.3 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A157 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-371)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde

Compound A156 was hydrolyzed using HCl aq in a mixture of acetone/acetonitrile to give Compound A157 (30.0 mg, 93.72%); ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.3(s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 2H), 7.32(d, 2H), 4.12 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 3.00(s, 3H), 3.00 (q, 1H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.27 (d, 6H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₅N₅O₅S: m/z 472.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A158 5-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine

White solid, ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.31(s, 1H), 8.08(d, 2H), 7.28(d, 2H), 6.06(s, 1H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 4.04 (m, 2H), 3.23 (m, 2H), 3.07(q, 1H), 2.20 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.33 (d, 6H); LCMS (ESI) for C₂₅H₂₇N₇O₄S: m/z 522.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

The intermediate 4-chloro-5-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine was prepared using the following method: Phosphorus Oxychloride (200 mL, 2184.8 mmol) was added drop wise (additional funnel) in DMF at 0° C., and stirred for 1 hour, treated with 4,6 dihydroxypyridimidine (50.0 g, 446.1 mmol) and stirred for half hour at room temperature. The heterogeneous mixture was refluxed for 3 hours. The volatiles were removed at reduce pressure, and the residue was poured in ice water and extract with chloroform and diethylether, wash with sodium bicarbonate and concentrate under high vacuum. The resulting mixture was purified on silica (CH₂Cl₂) to afford 4,6-dichloro-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde as a yellow solid (54.0 g). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.3 (s, 1H, aldehyde), 8.7 (s, 1H, pyrimidine).

Compound 4,6-Dichloro-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (8.6 g, 0.049 mmol), anhydrous ethylene glycol (8.2 ml) and p-Toluene-sulfonic acid (150 mg) were mixture in benzene (200 mL) and heated under reflux for 3 hours. Concentrate under high vacuum, worked up with chloroform, water, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride, concentrate. The reaction mixture was purified on silica (CH₂Cl₂) to give 4,6-Dichloro-5-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-pyrimidine (8.86 g, 82.5%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.8 (s, 1H), 6.3 (s, 1H), 4.3 (m, 2H,), 4.1(m, 2H).

To a mixture of 4,6-dichloro-5-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-pyrimidine (100.0 mg, 0.45 mmol) and added Potassium Carbonate (80.62 mg, 0.45 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) cooled to 0° C. was added a solution of 4-[1,2,3]-thiadiazol-4-yl-phenol (DMF) drop wise. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to give 4-chloro-5-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine. LCMS (ESI) for C₁₅H₁₁ClN₄O₃S: m/z 362.9 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A159 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde

White solid (18.01 mg, 25.9%); ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.7(s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.26(s, 1H), 8.14(d, 2H), 7.34(d, 2H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 3.07(q, 1H), 2.20 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.33 (d, 6H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₃H₂₃N₇O₃S: m/z 478.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A160 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid

White solid (3.8 mg, 13.63%); NMR 400 MHz MeOD δ (ppm): 9.23 (s, 1H), 8.13(d, 2H) 8.06(s, 1H), 7.29(d, 2H), 4.61 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.05(q, 1H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.32 (d, 6H); LCMS (ESI) for C₂₃H₂₃N₇O₄S: m/z 494.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A161 [4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-methanol

Yellow solid (17.5 mg, 85.03%); ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.31(s, 1H), 8.11(d, 2H), 7.27(d, 2H), 4.77 (s, 2H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 3.07(q, 1H), 2.21 (m, 2H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.34 (d, 6H); LCMS (ESI) for C₂₃H₂₅N₇O₃S: m/z 480.3 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound A162 [4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl]-dimethyl-amine

White solid, (4.2 mg, 15.83%), LCMS (ESI) for C₂₅H₃₀N₈O₂S: m/z 507.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A163 4-[4-(3-tert-Butyl-[1,2,4]oxa diazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine

Compound A163 was prepared using the general procedure for the addition of amine to pyrimidine; yellow solid (82 mg, 81%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.60(s, 1H); 8.19(s, 1H); 8.18(d,1H); 7.79(d,1H); 4.12(db,2H); 3.39-3.29(m,3H); 3.26(s,3H); 2.22(db,2H); 2.06-2.02(m,2H); 1.36(s,9H).Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₅N₇O₆S 503.16, LCMS (ESI) m/z 504.2(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound A164 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-2-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

To a solution of 4-chloro-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-2-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (80.0 mg, 0.25 mmol) and 4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidine (107.1 mg, 0.50 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added potassium carbonate (68.3 mg, 0.50 mmol) and the resulting mixture was left stirring for 2 hours at room temperature. Worked up with ethyl acetate, sodium bicarbonate, dried with magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The crude product was crystallized with ethyl acetate/hexane over night and filtered off to afford Compound A164 as a yellow solid (30.6 mg). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₃H₂₆N₆O₄S: m/z 483.3 (M+H⁺, 100%), ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.00 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 4.82 (m, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.31 (m, 1H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.24(m, 2H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.34(d, 6H).

Compound A165 1-[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone

To a solution of 1-[4-chloro-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone (0.21 mmol, 70 mg) and 4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidine (0.21 mmol, 49 mg) in N,N-dimethyl formamide (500 uL) was added potassium carbonate (0.21 mmol, 29 mg). The mixture was microwaved at 100° C. for 150 seconds. Its progress was monitored by thin layer chromatography and LCMS. The reaction was treated with water and the desired compound was extracted in ethyl acetate. Organic layer was evaporated in vacuo. Purification by HPLC provided Compound A165 as a white solid (20 mg, 20%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 8.24 (s, 1H); 8.01 (d, 2H); 7.32 (d, 2H); 4.02 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 3H); 3.10 (m, 1H); 3.08 (s, 3H); 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H); 1.35 (d, 6H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 486.3 (M+H+, 100%).

Example 13 Syntheses of Compounds of the Present Invention Compound B1 1-{6-[(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; General Method 14

Starting material, {6-chloro-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was prepared by general method 2. A mixture of 6-chloro-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (63 mg, 0.2 mmol), amine (1.1 eqv, 33 mg, 0.22 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.1 eqv, 31 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was stirred at 100° C. for 3 minutes in Smith microwave Synthesiser. HPLC purification afforded compound B1 as yellow oil (59 mg, 54%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.58 (s, 1H); 8.01 (s, 1H); 6.63 (d, 2H); 6.61 (s, 1H); 5.79 (s, 2H); 4.51 (d, 2H); 3.99 (q, 2H) 3.70 (dt, 2H); 3.10 (td, 2H); 2.48 (m, 1H); 1.88 (dt, 2H); 1.70 (td, 2H); 1.09 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃N₅O₆ 429.16, LCMS (ESI) m/z 430.0 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B2 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. Filtered the reaction mixture and the filtrate was purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 28% yield. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.71 (m, 1H); 8.07 (s, 1H); 7.10 (s, 2H); 6.42 (s, 2H); 4.56 (d, 2H); 4.02 (q, 2H); 3.71 (s, 6H); 3.69 (s, 3H); 3.16 (m, 2H); 2.52 (m, 1H); 1.91 (m, 2H); 1.74 (m, 2H); 1.12 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₉N₅O₇: m/z 475 (M+H³⁰ , 100%).

Compound B3 (5-Nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amine

[Method 14]. The product was purified by Preparatory TLC using hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.65 (s); 8.05 (s, 1H, pyrimidine); 7.65 (d, 1H); 7.50 (m, 2H); 7.40 (d, 1H); 5.00(s, 2H); 3.50 (m, 4H), 1.80 (s, NH); 1.75-1.60 (m, 5H)

Compound B4 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. The residue was filtered through a silica plug [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 50:50]and solvent removed in vacuo. Yield 0.143 g, 50%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.63 (m, 1H); 8.07 (s, 1H); 7.68 (m, 1H); 7.53 (m, 2H); 7.40 (m, 1H); 5.01 (m, 2H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.89 (m, 2H); 3.21 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 390 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B5 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. Solvent was removed in vacuo and residue was purified by preparatory TLC. [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 10:90]. Yield 0.227 g, 73%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.69 (m, 1H); 8.06 (s, 1H); 7.60 (d, 2H); 7.45 (d, 2H); 4.87 (m, 2H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.90 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.64 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H)

Compound B6 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. Solvent was removed in vacuo and residue was purified by preparatory TLC. [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 10:90. Yield 0.177 g, 65%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.69 (m, 1H); 8.06 (s, 1H); 7.61 (m, 1H); 7.54 (m, 2H); 7.48 (m, 1H); 4.87 (m, 2H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.90 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.64 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H)

Compound B7 (5-Nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(2-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amine

[Method 14]. The product was purified by Preparatory TLC using hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.65 (s); 8.05 (s, 1H, pyrimidine); 7.65 (d, 1H); 7.50 (m, 2H); 7.40 (d, 1H); 5.00(s, 2H); 3.50 (m, 4H,), 1.80 (s, NH),1.75-1.60 (m, 5H)

Compound B8 (5-Nitro-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amine;

The product was purified by Preparatory TLC using hexane/ethyl acetate/dichloromethane (8:1:1). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 9.05 (s); 8.05 (s, 1H, pyrimidine); 7.70 (d, 2H); 7.50 (d, 2H); 4.90 (s, 2H); 3.40 (m, 4H,), 1.75-1.60 (.m, 6H).

Compound B9 1-[5-Amino-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; General Method 15

Di-substituted-5-nitropyrimidine (180 mg, 0.4 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (5 mL) and flushed with N₂ gas. Palladium catalyst [5%, Pd/C] was added and hydrogen gas was introduced into the mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the solvent was removed under vacuo. Yield 0.158 g, 94%. White solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.69 (m, 1H); 8.06 (s, 1H); 7.61 (m, 1H); 7.54 (m, 2H); 7.48 (m, 1H); 4.87 (m, 2H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.90 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.64 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 424 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B10 1-[5-Amino-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 15]. Yield 0.121 g, 72%. White solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.58 (d, 2H); 7.46 (d, 2H); 4.75 (m, 2H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.43 (m, 2H); 2.86 (m, 2H); 2.49 (m, 1H); 2.05 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 2H); 1.29 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 424 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B11 1-[6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; General Method 16

[6-chloro-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (415 mg, 1.32 mmol) and 4-bromoaniline (309 mg, 1.80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (0.5-1 ml) and irradiated in a sealed microwave reaction tube at 250° C. for 300 seconds. The reaction mixture was passed through a silica plug [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.070 g, 12%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 9.98 (s, 1H); 8.03 (s, 1H); 7.41 (m, 2H); 7.17 (m, 2H); 4.09 (m, 2H); 3.83 (m, 2H); 3.16 (m, 2H); 2.77 (m, 1H); 1.97 (m, 2H); 1.78 (m, 2H); 1.20 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 451, 452 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B12 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Yield 0.010 g, 14%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.11 (s, 1H); 8.07 (s, 1H); 7.69 (d, 2H); 7.54 (d, 2H); 4.09 (m, 2H); 3.84 (m, 2H); 3.17 (m, 2H); 2.58 (m, 1H); 1.97 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 21-1); 1.20 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 440 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B13 1-[6-(Methyl-phenyl-amino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Yield 0.062 g, 93%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.09 (s, 1H); 7.33 (m, 2H); 7.17 (m, 3H); 4.14 (m, 2H); 3.92 (m, 2H); 3.54 (s, 3H); 3.19 (m, 2H); 2.58 (m, 1H); 1.99 (m, 2H); 1.83 (m, 2H); 1.26 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 386 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B14 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Yield 0.066 g, 92%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.09 (s, 1H); 8.11 (s, 1H); 7.63 (d, 2H); 7.22 (d, 2H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.91 (m, 2H); 3.25 (m, 2H); 2.66 (m, 1H); 2.05 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 456 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B15 1-[6-(4-Fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Yield 0.071 g, 100%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.01 (s, 1H); 8.08 (s, 1H); 7.50 (m, 2H); 7.06 (m, 2H); 4.16 (m, 2H); 3.90 (m, 2H); 3.23 (m, 2H); 2.65 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 2H); 1.27 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 390 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B16 1-[6-(3,5-Difluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Yield 0.066 g, 89%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.13 (s, 1H); 8.15 (s, 1H); 7.29 (m, 2H); 6.60 (m, 1H); 4.16 (m, 2H); 3.90 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.64 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.27 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 408 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B17 1-[6-(3,5-Dichloro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Yield 0.023 g, 33%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.08 (s, 1H); 8.16 (s, 1H); 7.62 (m, 2H); 7.15 (m, 1H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.91 (m, 2H); 3.23 (m, 2H); 2.66 (m, 1H); 2.05 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 440 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B18 1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO2; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.063 g, 70%. Orange oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 9.96 (s, 1H); 8.09 (s, 1H); 7.17 (s, 1H); 6.81 (m, 2H); 5.98 (s, 2H); 4.16 (q, 21-1); 3.91 (m, 2H); 3.24 (m, 2H); 2.64 (m, 1H); 2.04 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 2H); 1.27 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 416 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B19 1-[6-(2-Bromo-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The reaction mixture was passed through a silica plug [SiO2; EtOAc/hexane; 10:90]. Yield 0.020 g, 24%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.21 (s, 1H); 8.28 (m, 1H); 8.06 (s, 1H); 7.42 (m, 1H); 7.17 (m, 1H); 4.09 (m, 2H); 3.85 (m, 3.85); 3.18 (m, 2H); 2.55 (m, 1H); 1.98 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 2H); 1.20 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 535, 536 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B20 1-[6-(2-Fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.016 g, 22%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.11 (s, 1H); 8.16 (m, 2H); 7.15 (m, 3H); 4.16 (m, 2H); 3.92 (m, 2H); 3.25 (m, 2H); 2.65 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 390 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B21 1-[6-(3-Fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The reaction mixture was passed through a silica plug [SiO2; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.034 g, 43%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.12 (s, 1H); 8.14 (s, 1H); 7.63 (m, 1H); 7.31 (m, 1H); 7.23 (m, 1H); 6.87 (m, 1H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.91 (m, 2H); 3.24 (m, 2H); 2.65 (m, 1H); 2.05 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 390 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B22 1-{6-[(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. purified by preparatory TLC [SiO2; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.018 g, 23%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.09 (s, 1H); 7.14 (m, 2H); 7.03 (m, 2H); 4.15 (m, 2H); 3.93 (m, 2H); 3.51 (s, 3H); 3.20 (m, 2H); 2.60 (m, 1H); 2.00 (m, 2H); 1.83 (m, 2H); 1.27 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 404 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B23 1-[6-(Ethyl-phenyl-amino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.008 g, 8%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.32 (m, 2H); 7.20 (m, 2H); 7.12 (m, 1H); 4.14 (m, 4H); 3.86 (m, 2H); 3.14 (m, 5H); 2.57 (m, 1H); 1.98 (m, 2H); 1.83 (m, 2H); 1.24 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 400 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B24 1-{6-[(4-Chloro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.008 g, 8%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.10 (s, 1H); 7.29 (d, 2H); 7.10 (d, 2H); 4.15 (m, 2H); 3.93 (m, 2H); 3.52 (s, 3H); 3.21 (m, 2H); 2.56 (m, 1H); 2.01 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 1.26 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 420 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B25 1-[6-(4-Difluoromethyl-benzylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. HPLC provided compound B25 as yellow oil (58 mg, 64%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.48 (s, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.27 (d, 2H); 7.05 (d, 2H); 4.72 (d, 2H); 4.10 (q, 2H); 3.80 (dt, 2H); 3.25 (td, 2H); 2.60 (m, 1H); 2.00 (dt, 2H); 1.84 (td, 2H); 1.19 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃F₂N₅O₅ 451.17, LCMS (ESI) m/z 452.1 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B26 1-{6-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. HPLC provided compound B26 as yellow solid (62 mg, 56%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.86 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 6.95 (d, 1H); 6.93 (s, 1H); 6.89 (d, 1H); 4.75 (d, 2H); 4.25 (q, 2H); 3.96 (dt, 4H); 3.87 (dt, 2H); 3.38 (td, 2H); 2.75 (m, 1H); 2.15 (dt, 2H); 1.98 (td, 2H); 1.35 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₅N₅O₆ 443.18, LCMS (ESI) m/z 444.6 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B27 1-{6-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. HPLC provided compound B27 as yellow solid (62 mg, 56%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.86 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 6.95 (d, 1H); 6.93 (s, 1H); 6.89 (d, 1H); 4.75 (d, 2H); 4.25 (q, 2H); 3.96 (dt, 4H); 3.87 (dt, 2H); 3.38 (td, 2H); 2.75 (m, 1H); 2.15 (dt, 2H); 1.98 (td, 2H); 1.35 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₅N₅O₆ 443.18, LCMS (ESI) m/z 444.6 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B28 1-{6-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. HPLC provided compound B28 as yellow solid (62 mg, 57%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.47(s, 1H); 8.02(s, 1H); 7.12(s, 1H); 7.02(d, 1H); 6.68(d, 1H); 4.62(d, 2H); 4.50(t, 2H); 4.09(q, 2H); 3.81(dt, 2H); 3.15(d, 2H); 3.12(t, 2H); 2.55(m, 1H); 1.95(dt, 2H); 1.77(td, 2H); 1.19(t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₅N₅O₅ 427.19, LCMS (ESI) m/z 428.1(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B29 1-{6-[(6-Fluoro-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-8-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. HPLC provided compound B29 as yellow solid (77 mg, 67%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.92 (s, 1H); 8.09 (s, 1H); 6.88 (dd, 1H); 6.58 (dd, 1H); 5.22 (s, 2H); 4.80 (s, 2H); 4.68 (d, 2H); 4.09 (q, 2H); 3.80 (d, 2H); 3.19 (td, 2H); 2.57 (m, 1H); 1.96 (dt, 2H); 1.79 (td, 2H); 1.19 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₄ FN₅O₆ 461.17, LCMS (ESI) m/z 462.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B30 1-[6-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-7-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.069 g, 71%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 9.96 (s, 1H); 8.09 (s, 1H); 7.24 (m, 1H); 7.04 (m, 1H); 6.95 (m, 1H); 4.22 (m, 6H); 3.90 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 2.19 (m, 2H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 1.26 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 444 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B31 1-{6-[4-(Morpholine-4-sulfonyl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.030 g, 29%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.29 (s, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 7.89 (d, 2H); 7.74 (d, 2H); 4.17 (m, 21-1); 3.91 (m, 2H); 3.75 (m, 3.75); 3.27 (m, 2H); 3.02 (m, 6H); 2.66 (m, 1H); 2.07 (m, 2H); 1.87 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 521 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B32 1-[6-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.069 g, 74%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.06 (s, 1H); 8.10 (s, 1H); 7.61 (s, 1H); 7.25 (s, 1H); 7.04 (m, 2H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.91 (m, 2H); 3.25 (m, 2H); 2.65 (m, 1H); 2.05 (m, 2H); 1.87 (m. 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 452 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B33 1-[6-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Preparatory TLC [SiO2; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.048 g, 50%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 9.87 (s, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.67 (m, 1H); 7.25 (s, 1H); 7.09 (m, 1H); 6.92 (m, 1H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 3.92 (m, 2H); 3.26 (m, 2H); 2.66 (m, 1H); 2.06 (m, 2H); 1.88 (m, 2H); 1.58 (m, 2H); 1.28 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 452 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B34 1-[6-(1,1-Dioxo-1H-1λ⁶-benzo[b]thiophen-6-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. preparatory TLC [SiO2; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.021 g, 22%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.23 (s, 1H); 8.35 (m, 1H); 8.07 (s, 1H); 7.51 (m, 1H); 7.21 (m, 1H); 7.08 (m, 1H); 6.57 (m, 1H); 4.05 (q, 2H); 3.79 (m, 2H); 3.13 (m, 2H); 2.53 (m, 1H); 1.93 (m, 2H); 1.74 (m, 2H); 1.15 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 460 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B35 1-{6-[(Furan-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. HPLC provided compound B35 as yellow solid (46 mg, 61%). ¹HNMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.71(s, 1H); 8.16(s, 1H); 7.44 (s, 1H); 7.37(d, 1H); 6.35(d, 1H); 4.59(d, 2H); 4.11(q, 2H); 3.82(dt, 2H); 3.26(td, 2H); 2.61(m, 1H); 2.00(dt, 2H); 1.84(td, 2H); 1.20(t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₇H₂₁N₅O₅ 375.15, LCMS (ESI) m/z 376.1 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B36 1-{6-[2-(4-Methoxy-phenoxy)-ethylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. HPLC provided compound B36 as yellow solid (77 mg, 69%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 9.22 (s, 1H); 8.26 (s, 1H); 6.90 (d,2H); 6.87 (d, 2H); 4.20 (t,2H); 4.19 (t,2H); 4.04 (q, 2H); 3.93 (dt,2H); 3.79 (s,3H); 3.39 (td, 2H); 2.72 (m, 1H); 2.11 (dt, 2H); 1.94 (td,2H); 1.30 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₇N₅O₆ 445.20, LCMS (ESI) m/z 446.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B37 1-{6-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. HPLC provided compound B37 as yellow solid (63 mg, 54%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.04 (s, 1H); 7.91 (s, 1H); 7.19 (d, 1H); 7.01 (dd, 2H); 6.80 (dd, 1H); 4.08 (q, 2H); 3.84 (dt, 2H); 3.78 (s, 3H); 3.13 (td, 2H); 3.03 (t, 2H); 2.54 (m, 5H); 1.94 (dt, 2H); 1.76 (td, 2H); 1.18 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₈N₆O₅ 468.21 (ESI) m/z 469.2, 100%).

Compound B38 (3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-7-yl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine

[Method 16]. preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.003 g, 3%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 9.78 (s, 1H); 7.87 (s, 1H); 6.85 (m, 1H); 6.74 (m, 1H); 4.00 (m, 4H); 3.71 (m, 2H); 2.86 (m, 2H); 1.97 (m, 2H); 1.58 (m, 2H); 1.12 (m, 2H); 1.03 (m, 6H); 0.69 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 414 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B39 (3-Fluoro-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.007 g, 9%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.11 (s, 1H); 8.08 (s, 1H); 7.59 (m, 1H); 7.26 (m, 1H); 7.20 (m, 1H); 6.82 (m, 1H); 3.90 (m, 2H); 3.04 (m, 2H); 1.76 (m, 2H); 1.56 (m, 1H); 1.29 (m, 2H); 1.20 (m, 4H); 0.86 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 360 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B40 (3-Methoxy-phenyl)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.002 g, 2%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.04 (s, 1H); 8.04 (s, 1H); 7.21 (m, 2H); 7.04 (m, 1H); 6.67 (m, 1H); 3.87 (m, 2H); 3.75 (s, 3H); 3.02 (m, 2H); 1.74 (m, 2H); 1.49 (m, 1H); 1.27 (m, 2H); 1.19 (m, 4H); 0.84 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 404 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B41 1-{6-[(3-Fluoro-phenyl)-methyl-amino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.023 g, 30%. Light brown oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.26 (m, 1H); 6.88 (m, 3H); 4.13 (q, 2H); 3.91 (m, 2H); 3.53 (s, 3H); 3.19 (m, 2H); 2.58 (m, 1H); 1.99 (m, 2H); 1.81 (m, 2H); 1.24 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 404 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B42 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.059 g, 65%. Light yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.31 (s, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.89 (m, 2H); 7.82(m, 4H); 7.61 (m, 1H); 7.50 (m, 2H); 4.19 (q, 2H); 3.94 (m, 2H); 3.27 (m, 2H); 2.67 (m, 1H); 2.08 (m, 2H); 1.89 (m, 2H); 1.29 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 476 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B43 1-{6-[4-(1,1-Dioxo-1λ⁶-thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 50:50]. Yield 0.055 g, 56%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.09 (s, 1H); 8.11 (s, 1H); 7.55 (d, 2H); 7.31 (d, 2H); 5.29 (s, 1H); 4.15 (m, 2H); 3.89 (m, 2H); 3.63 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H); 3.01 (m, 6H); 2.64 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.25 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 519 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B44 1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 50:50]. Yield 0.032 g, 37%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.21 (s, 1H); 8.11 (s, 1H); 7.83 (m, 4H); 4.09 (m, 2H); 3.84 (m, 2H); 3.18 (m, 2H); 2.99 (s, 3H); 2.59 (m, 1H); 1.98 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 2H); 1.20 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 450 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B45 1-[6-(4-Dimethylsulfamoyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 40:60]. Yield 0.060 g, 57%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.20 (s, 1H); 8.10 (s, 1H); 7.79 (d, 2H); 7.68 (d, 2H); 4.09 (q, 2H); 3.84 (m, 2H); 3.18 (m, 2H); 2.64 (s, 6H); 2.57 (m, 1H); 1.98 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 2H); 1.20 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 479 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B46 1-[6-(3-Methoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. purified by preparatory TLC. [SiO₂; 2:3 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 75 mg, 84%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.15 (s, 1H); 8.16 (s, 1H); 7.24 (m, 2H); 7.11 (m, 1H); 6.88 (m, 1H); 4.10 (q, 2H); 3.92 (m, 2H); 3.82 (s, 1H); 3.17 (m, 2H); 2.62 (heptet, 1H); 2.09 (m, 2H); 1.95 (m, 2H); 1.25 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 401 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B47 1-[6-(2-Methoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. purified by preparatory TLC. [SiO₂; 15/85 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 56 mg, 63%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.57 (s, 1H); 8.41 (m, 1H); 8.18 (s, 1H); 7.15 (m, 1H); 7.0 (m, 1H); 4.21 (q, 2H); 3.92 (m, 5H); 3.25 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 2H); 2.08 (m, 2H); 1.88 (m, 21-1); 1.24 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 401 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B48 1-[6-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Purified by flash chromatography. [Silica Gel 60; 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 89 mg, 80%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.23 (s, 1H); 8.20 (m, 3H); 7.65 (s, 1H); 4.20 (m, 2H); 3.92 (m, 2H); 3.15 (m, 2H); 2.68 (heptet, 1H); 2.10 (m, 2H); 1.94 (m, 2H); 1.30 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 507 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B49 1-[6-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. purified by preparatory TLC. [SiO₂; 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 61 mg, 64%. Orange solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.61 (s, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 8.17 (s, 1H); 6.84 (d, 1H); 6.62 (dd, 1H); 4.17(q, 2H); 3.92 (m, 5H); 3.80 (s, 3H); 3.23 (m, 2H); 2.63 (heptet, 1H); 2.10 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.25 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 431 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B50 1-[6-(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 14]. Semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 28%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.85 (m, 1H); 8.32 (s, 1H); 7.50 (s, 1H); 6.73 (d, 2H); 6.63 (t, 1H); 4.96 (d, 2H); 4.40 (q, 2H); 4.13 (m, 2H); 4.03 (s, 6H); 3.45 (m, 2H); 2.86 (m, 1H); 2.26 (m, 2H); 2.08 (m, 2H); 1.50 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₉N₅O₇: m/z 475 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B51 [5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-amine

[Method 14]. semi preparative HPLC afforded the pure product in 16%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.81(m, 1H); 8.05(s, 1H); 7.07 (s, 1H); 6.39 (s, 2H); 4.53 (d, 2H); 3.76 (m, 1H); 3.67 (s, 6H); 3.66 (s, 3H); 3.01 (m, 2H); 1.68 (d, 2H); 1.12 (m, 6H); 0.72 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₃₁N₅O₅: m/z 445 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B52 (3,5-Dimethoxy-benzyl)[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine

[Method 14]. Semi preparative HPLC afforded the pure product in 20%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.66 (m, 1H); 8.11 (s, 1H); 7.30 (s, 1H); 6.54 (d, 2H); 6.43 (t, 1H); 4.76 (d, 2H); 3.96 (m, 1H); 3.83 (s, 6H); 3.12 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.38 (m 2H); 1.30 (m 4H); 0.95 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₁H₂₉N₅O₄: m/z 415 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B53 (4-[5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-ylamino}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone

[Method 16]. purified by preparative TLC. [SiO₂; 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes].Yield 42 mg, 51%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.3 (s, 1H); 8.44 (d, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.87 (m, 2H); 7.81 (m, 4H); 7.59 (m, 1H); 7.50 (m, 3H); 7.18 (d, 1H); 7.01 (d, 1H); 4.22 (heptet, 1H); 3.92 (m, 2H); 3.45 (dt, 2H); 2.26 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 513 (M+H+, 100%)

Compound B54 (4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-ylamino}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone

[Method 16]. residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.057 g, 68%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.24 (s, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.80 (m, 2H); 7.74 (m, 4H); 7.52 (m, 2H); 7.42 (m, 4H); 6.95 (m, 2H); 4.78 (m, 1H); 3.64 (m, 4H); 2.02 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 564 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B55 1-[6-(4-Cyano-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.035 g, 40%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.19 (s, 1H); 8.10 (s, 1H); 7.76 (d, 2H); 7.58 (d, 2H); 4.09 (q, 2H); 3.83 (m, 2H); 3.17 (m, 2H); 2.58 (m, 1H); 1.97 (m, 2H); 1.78 (m, 2H); 1.19 (m, 3H) LCMS (ESI) m/z 397 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B56 1-[6-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.070 g, 73%. Orange solid. ¹H NMR. 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 9.84 (s, 1H); 7.91 (s, 1H); 6.60 (d, 2H); 6.10 (t, 1H); 3.954 (q, 2H); 3.69 (m, 2H); 3.58 (s, 6H); 3.01 (m, 2H); 2.42 (m, 1H); 1.82 (m, 2H); 1.63 (m, 2H); 1.05 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 432 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B57 1-[6-(4-sec-Butyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.088 g, 93%. Orange oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.10 (s, 1H); 8.14 (s, 1H); 7.50 (d, 2H); 7.21 (d, 2H); 4.19 (q, 2H); 3.94 (m, 2H); 3.26 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 2H); 2.06 (m, 2H); 1.87 (m, 2H); 1.61 (m, 2H); 1.27 (m, 6H); 0.86 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 428 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B58 1-[6-(4-Heptyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.092 g, 89%. Orange oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.05 (s, 1H); 8.09 (s, 1H); 7.43 (d, 2H); 7.18 (d, 2H); 4.16 (q, 2H); 3.90 (m, 2H); 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.60 (m, 3H); 2.02 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.27 (m, 13H); 0.87 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 470 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B59 2′-(4-Benzoyl-phenylamino)-3′-nitro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4′]bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. General Method 17.

A mixture of 2,4-dichloro-3-nitro-pyridine (77 mg, 0.4 mmol), 4-benzoyl-aniline (1.0 eqv, 7 9 mg, 0.4 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.4 eqv, 78 mg, 0.56 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was stirred in a sealed vessel at 150° C. for 30 mins under microwave irradiation. HPLC provided intermediate compound 2-[4-benzoyl-anilino]-4-dichloro-3-nitro-pyridine as brown solid (58 mg, 41% yield). Exact mass calculated for C₁₈H₁₂ClN₃O₃ 353.06, LCMS (ESI) m/z 353.6 (M+H⁺, 100%).

[Method 14]. RP-HPLC provided compound B59 as orange solid (26 mg, 27% yield). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 9.55 (s, 1H); 7.89 (d, 3H); 7.74 (d, 2H); 7.57 (t, 1H); 7.46 (t, 2H); 7.32 (d, 2H); 6.50 (d, 1H); 4.12 (q, 2H); 3.63 (d, 2H); 3.26 (t, 2H); 2.63-2.58 (m, 1H); 2.04(d, 2H); 1.94 (td, 2H); 1.21(t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₆H₂₆N₄O₅ 474.19, LCMS (ESI) m/z 475.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B60 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. purified by preparatory TLC. [SiO₂; 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes].Yield 42 mg, 41%. Orange oil. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 9.97 (s, 1H); 8.05 (s, 1H); 6.77 (s, 2H); 4.08 (q, 2H); 3.81 (m, 11H); 3.17 (t, 2H); 2.58 (heptet, 1H); 1.97 (t, 2H); 1.78 (q, 2H); 1.19 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 462 (M+H+, 100%)

Compound B61 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-pentyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. purified by preparatory TLC. [SiO₂; 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 79 mg, 81%. Yellow oil. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 9.99 (s, 1H); 8.00 (s, 1H); 7.38 (d, 2H); 7.12 (d, 2H); 4.09 (q, 2H); 3.83 (m, 2H); 3.15 (m, 2H); 2.55 (m, 3H); 1.95 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 2H); 1.53 (m, 2H); 1.24 (m, 7H); 0.81 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 442 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B62 1-{6-[4-(3-Carboxy-propyl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. purified by preparatory TLC. [SiO₂; 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 67 mg, 67%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 10.08 (s, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.49 (d, 2H); 7.22 (d, 2H); 4.18 (q, 2H); 3.92 (m, 2H); 3.25 (m, 2H); 2.68 (m, 3H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 2.06 (m, 2H); 1.96 (m, 2H); 1.88 (m, 2H); 1.27 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 458 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B63 1-{6-[4-(Cyano-phenyl-methyl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Dry crude B63 was purified by Biotage Horizon 2 [12+M column; 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 93 mg, 87%. Yellow film. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.13 (s, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.64 (tt, 2H); 7.36 (m, 7H); 5.31 (s, 1H); 4.17 (q, 2H); 3.92 (m, 2H); 3.25 (m, 2H); 2.66 (heptet, 1H); 2.06 (m, 2H); 1.88 (m, 2H); 1.28 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 486 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B64 1-[6-(4-Cyclohexyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Crude B64 was purified by preparatory TLC [SiO2; 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 55 mg, 55%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 9.99 (s, 1H); 8.04 (s, 1H); 7.38 (tt, 2H); 7.16 (m, 2H); 4.09 (m, 2H); 3.84 (m, 2H); 3.16 (m, 2H); 2.56 (heptet, 1H); 2.43 (m, 1H); 1.95 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 8H); 1.31 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, 5H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 453 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B65 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Crude B65 was purified by flash chromatography [Silica Gel 60; 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 53 mg, 55%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.42 (s, 1H); 8.56 (s, 1H); 8.15 (s, 1H); 8.11 (s, 1H); 7.79 (tt, 2H); 7.71 (tt, 2H); 4.17 (q, 2H); 3.93 (m, 2H); 3.26 (m, 2H); 2.66 (heptet, 1H); 2.05 (m, 2H); 1.87 (m, 2H); 1.27 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 438 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B66 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Purified by flash chromatography [Silica Gel 60; 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 34 mg, 31%. Yellow solid. (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.72 (s, 1H); 8.16 (s, 1H); 7.98 (m, 4H); 4.10 (q, 2H); 3.85 (m, 2H); 3.20 (m, 2H); 2.60 (heptet, 1H); 1.99 (m, 2H); 1.81 (m, 2H); 1.19 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 503 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B67 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. purified by flash chromatography [Silica Gel 60; 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 39 mg, 39%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.48 (s, 1H); 8.65 (s, 1H); 8.18 (s, 1H); 8.08 (ft, 2H); 7.80 (tt, 2H); 4.16 (q, 2H); 3.94 (m, 2H); 3.26 (m, 2H); 2.66 (heptet, 1H); 2.06 (m, 2H); 1.89 (m, 2H); 1.28 (t, 3H).

Compound B68 [6-(4-Ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

[Method 16]. purified by HPLC [Semi-Prep]. Yield 13 mg, 17%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.13 (s, 1H); 7.99 (s, 1H); 7.73 (m, 4H); 3.79 (m, 2H); 3.3 (q, 2H); 3.11 (d, 2H); 2.95 (m, 2H); 2.86 (s, 3H); 1.77 (m, 3H); 1.18 (m, 2H); 1.02 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 436 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B69 [5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine

[Method 16]. purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; 50/50 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 27 mg, 27%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.17 (s, 1H); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.07 (s, 1H); 8.04 (s, 1H); 7.73 (tt, 2H); 7.63 (tt, 2H); 3.89 (m, 2H); 3.05 (m, 2H); 1.76 (m, 2H); 1.40 (m, 1H); 1.24 (m, 6H); 0.85 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 408 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B70 {5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine

[Method 16]. The crude was purified by HPLC. Yield 52 mg, 55%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.18 (s, 1H); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.37 (m, 1H); 8.09 (s, 1H); 8.04 (s, 1H); 7.72 (tt, 2H); 7.63 (tt, 2H); 7.43 (ddd, 1H); 7.12 (ft, 1H); 6.94 (m, 1H); 4.15 (heptet, 1H); 3.85 (m, 2H); 3.37 (m, 2H); 2.19 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 476 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B71 (2-Fluoro-phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. Purified by HPLC. Yield 33 mg, 38%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.01 (s, 1H); 8.09 (s, 1H); 7.63 (t, 1H); 7.28 (m, 1H); 7.16 (m, 2H); 3.98 (m, 2H); 3.41 (m, 2H); 3.33 (heptet, 1H); 2.36 (s, 3H); 2.23 (m, 2H); 2.05 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 399 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B72 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. yellow solid. Yield 15.2%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.5 (s, 1H); 8.49 (s, 11-1); 8.2 (dd, 4H); 4.26 (d, 2H); 3.64 (m, 2H); 3.60 (m, 1H); 3.33 (s, 3H); 2.67 (s, 3H); 2.5 (d, 2H); 2.33 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 460.2 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound B73 {6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine

[Method 16]. yellow solid. Yield 11%. 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10 (s, 1H); 8.41 (s, 1H); 8.02 (s, 1H); 7.97 (s, 1H); 7.64 (d, 2H); 7.55 (d, 2H); 3.84 (d, 2H); 3.24 (m, 2H); 3.20 (m, 1H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 2.09 (d, 2H); 1.90 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 449.2 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound B74 1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenylamino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO2; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]Yield 0.057 g, 56%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCL₃ δ (ppm): 10.23 (s, 1H); 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.72 (m, 4H); 7.20 (m, 4H); 4.30 (q, 2H); 4.05 (m, 2H); 3.37 (m, 2H); 2.78 (m, 1H); 2.18 (m, 2H); 2.00 (m, 2H); 1.40 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 532 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B75 {6-[4-(3-Ethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-amine

[Method 16]. The desired product was observed by LCMS m/z 414 (M+H⁺). Purification by RP-HPLC. Yield 69%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.00 (s, 1H); 8.11 (s, 1H); 8.09 (m, 1); 7.12 (m, 3H); 3.97 (d, 2H); 3.29 (m, 2H); 3.26 (m, 1H); 2.69 (m, 2H); 2.18 (m, 2H); 2.06 (m, 2H); 1.29 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 414 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B76 {6-[4-(2-Methoxy-phenylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine

[Method 16]. Yield 43%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 9.98 (s, 1H); 8.33 (s, 1H); 7.91 (d, 2H); 7.57 (d, 2H); 7.47 (d, 2H); 7.20 (m, 1H); 7.09 (m, 2H); 6.70 (m, 2H); 3.69 (s, 3H); 3.33 (m, 1H); 3.10 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 1.51 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 505 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B77 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

Crude B77 was purified by flash chromatography [Silica gel 60; 50/50 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yield 49 mg, 50%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.25 (s, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.85 (m, 4H); 7.64 (tt, 1H); 7.43 (m, 1H); 7.11 (d, 1H); 6.95 (m, 1H); 4.15 (m, 1H); 3.85 (m, 2H); 3.38 (m, 2H); 2.99 (s, 3H); 2.19 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 487 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B78 (3-Methoxy-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. The crude mixture was purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes].

Yield 70 mg, 87%. Yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.25 (s, 1H); 8.55 (m, 1H); 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.60 (ddd, 1H); 7.40 (m, 2H); 7.38 (s, 1H); 7.29 (d, 1H); 7.22 (d, 1H); 7.12 (m, 1H); 4.33 (heptet, 1H); 4.01 (m, 2H); 3.94 (s, 3H); 3.54 (m, 2H); 2.36 (m, 2H); 1.98 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 439 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B79 Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine

[Method 16]. Residue purified by preparatory TLC [SiO₂; EtOAc/hexane; 20:80]. Yield 0.005 g, 6%. Yellow oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 9.92 (s, 1H); 8.01 (s, 1H); 7.13 (m, 1H); 6.78 (m, 1H); 6.72 (m, 1H); 5.92 (s, 2H); 3.87 (m, 2H); 3.02 (m, 2H); 1.74 (m, 2H); 1.48 (m, 1H); 1.27 (m, 2H); 1.18 (m, 4H); 0.84 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 386 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B80 (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{1-[5-nitro-6-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methanone

Purification by HPLC. Yield 56%. yellow solid TFA salt. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 11.61 (s, 3H); 10.3 (s, 1H); 9.18 (s, 1H); 8.39 (s, 1H); 8.18 (s, 1H); 8.01 (m, 2H); 7.84 (d, 2H); 7.74 (d, 2H); 7.19 (t, 2H); 4.07 (d, 2H); 3.67 (m, 1H); 3.47 (m, 2H); 2.05 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 489.4 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound B81 [5-Nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenyl)-amine

[Method 16]. product precipitated from the crude as a yellow solid. It was filtered and washed with hexane. Yield 36%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.17 (s, 1H); 8.57 (s, 1H); 8.10 (d, 2H); 7.76 (d, 2H); 7.66 (d, 2H); 7.42 (m, 2H); 7.29 (m, 3H); 3.89 (m, 2H); 3.39 (m, 1H); 3.27 (m, 2H); 2.06 (m; 2H); 1.71 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 475.3 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound B82 (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{1-[6-(2-fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methanone

[Method 16]. Purification by HPLC. Yield 17%. red oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 9.92 (s, 1H); 7.96 (s, 1H); 7.79 (m, 2H); 7.46 (m, 1H); 7.17 (m, 1H); 7.02 (m, 4H); 3.86 (d, 2H); 3.46 (m, 1H); 3.31 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 440.4 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound B83 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. Purification by HPLC yielded orange solid. Yield 30%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm), 8.34 (s, 1H); 7.90 (m, 2H); 7.68 (d, 3H); 7.04 (s, 1H); 4.32 (m, 2H); 4.11 (s, 3H); 4.06 (m, 2H); 3.44 (m, 2H); 2.83 (m, 1H); 2.22 (m, 2H); 2.04 (m, 2H); 1.41 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 452 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound B84 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine

[Method 16]. Purification by HPLC yielded yellow solid. Yield 9%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.0 (s, 1H); 8.00 (s, 1H); 7.75 (d, 2H); 7.68 (d, 2H); 7.26 (m, 2H); 7.14 (m, 3H); 3.73 (d, 2H); 3.22 (m, 1H); 3.13 (m, 2H); 2.87 (s, 3H); 1.91 (m, 2H); 1.55 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 486 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound B85 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. as yellow solid (68 mg, 72%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.2 (s, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 8.12 (d, 1H); 7.87 (d, 2H); 7.83 (d, 2H); 7.60 (t, 1H); 6.87 (t, 1H); 6.73 (d, 1H); 5.29 (m,1H); 3.76-3.70 (m,2H); 3.56-3.51 (m,2H); 2.99 (s,3H); 2.10-2.05 (m, 2H); 1.95-1.90 (m,2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂N₆O₅S 470.14, LCMS (ESI) m/z 471.4(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B86 {6-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

[Method 16]. afforded compound B86 as yellow solid (58 mg, 60%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.2 (s, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.87 (d, 2H); 7.81 (d, 2H); 6.92(m, 2H); 6.82 (m, 2H); 4.50 (m, 1H); 3.71-3.65 (m,2H); 3.54-3.51 (m,2H); 2.99 (s,3H); 1.99-1.91 (m 2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₂FN₅O₅S 487.13, LCMS (ESI) m/z 488.3(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B87 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

Method 16 afforded compound B87 as yellow solid (56 mg, 60%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.2(s, 1H); 8.68 (d, 2H); 8.17(s, 1H); 7.88 (d, 2H); 7.83(d, 2H); 7.26 (d, 2H); 4.96 (m,1H); 3.76-3.69 (m,2H); 3.62-3.57 (m,2H); 3.00 (s,3H); 2.21-2.15 (m 2H); 2.03-1.99 (m,2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂N₆O₅S 470.14, LCMS (ESI) m/z 471.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B88 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

Method 16 afforded compound B88 as a yellow solid (69 mg, 73%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.2 (s, 1H); 8.52 (d, 2H); 8.14 (s,1H); 7.88 (d, 2H); 7.83 (d, 2H); 6.96(t, 1H); 5.34 (m, 1H); 3.79-3.72 (m,2H); 3.58-3.52 (m,2H); 2.99 (s,3H); 2.14-2.08 (m 2H); 2.02-1.93 (m,2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁N₇O₅S 471.13, LCMS (ESI) m/z 472.0 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B89 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

Method 16 afforded compound B89 as a yellow solid (52 mg, 54%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.1(s, 1H); 8.56(d, 2H); 8.17(s, 1H); 7.89 (d, 2H); 7.83(d, 2H); 7.53(d, 2H); 3.92-3.89(m,2H); 3.84(m,1H); 3.44-3.38(m,2H); 3.00(s,3H); 2.26-2.22(m 2H); 1.94-1.88 (m,2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₂N₆O₄S₂ 486.11, LCMS (ESI) m/z 487.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B90 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{6-[4-(4-methoxy-phenylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

Method 16 afforded compound B90 as a as yellow solid (50 mg, 49%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.2(s, 1H); 8.11(s, 1H); 7.87 (d, 2H); 7.80(d, 2H); 7.34(d, 2H); 6.79(d,2H); 3.86-3.83(m,2H); 3.74(s,3H); 3.22-3.12(m,3H); 2.99(s,3H); 1.99-1.95(m 2H); 1.66-1.57(m,2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₅N₅O₅S₂ 515.13, LCMS (ESI) m/z 516.1(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B91 [6-(4-Benzenesulfonyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

Method 16 afforded compound B91a as yellow solid (51 mg, 50%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.2(s, 1H); 8.12(s, 1H); 7.87 (d, 2H); 7.81(d,2H); 7.79(d, 2H); 7.64(t, 1H); 7.53(t,1H); 4.01(m,2H); 3.17(m,1H); 3.08-3.04 (m,2H); 2.99(s,3H); 2.08-2.04(m 2H); 1.82-1.78(m,2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₃N₅O₆S₂ 517.11, LCMS (ESI) m/z 518.3(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B92 {4-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. afforded compound B92 as a yellow solid (45 mg, 48%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.2(s, 1H); 8.18(s, 1H); 7.88 (d, 2H); 7.81 (d, 2H); 4.21(q, 2H); 3.86-3.83 (m, 6H); 3.46-3.43 (m, 4H); 3.00 (s, 3H); 1.23 (t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₁₉H₂₄N₆O₆S 464.15, LCMS (ESI) m/z 465.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B93 (2-Fluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-cyclohexyl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. The crude was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by preparative TLC. [SiO₂; 15/85 EtOAc/hexanes].Yellow solid. Yield 7 mg, 10%. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.07 (s, 1H); 8.37 (d, 1H); 8.13 (m, 1H); 8.08 (s, 1H); 7.43 (ddd, 1H); 7.07 (m, 4H); 6.94 (m, 1H); 4.15 (heptet, 1H); 3.85 (m, 2H); 3.36 (m, 2H); 2.18 (m, 2H); 1.79 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 427 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound B94 (2-Methoxy-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-cyclohexyl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. purified by preparative TLC. [SiO2; 15/85 EtOAc/hexanes]. Yellow solid. Yield 42 mg, 56%. (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.51 (s, 1H); 8.36 (d, 2H); 8.10 (s, 1H); 7.42 (ddd, 1H); 7.10 (d, 1H); 7.03 (ddd, 1H); 6.87 (d, 1H); 4.14 (heptet, 1H); 3.85 (m, 5H); 3.35 (m, 2H); 2.17 (m, 2H); 1.78 (m, 2H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 438 (M+H+, 100%)

Compound B95 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-(5-nitro-6-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]-piperidin-1-yl}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amine

Following the general procedure 16, compound B95 was obtained as a yellow solid (61%). (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 2.06-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.38 (m, 3H), 3.96-3.99 (m, 2H), 7.55 (t, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.86 (dd, 4H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 10.2 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₂F₃N₇O₅S 589.1, found 590.4 (MH⁺).

Compound B96 {6-[4-(3-Ethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

Following the general procedure 16, compound B96 was obtained as a yellow solid (31%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.25 (t, 3H), 2.06-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.70 (q, 2H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.38 (m, 3H), 3.96-3.99 (m, 2H), 7.84 (dd, 4H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 10.2 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃N₇O₅S 473.1, found 474.2 (MH⁺).

Compound B97 (6-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-piperidin-1-yl}-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

Following the general procedure 16, compound B97 was obtained as a yellow solid (93%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 2.06-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.38 (m, 3H), 3.96-3.99 (m, 2H), 7.24 (dd, 2H), 7.96 (dd, 4H), 8.04-8.08 (m, 2H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 10.3 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₂FN₇O₅S 539.14, found 540.3 (MH⁺).

Compound B98 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-[5-nitro-6-(4-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine

Following the general procedure 16, Compound B98 was obtained as a yellow solid (95%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.36-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.72 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.05 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.94 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.65 (dt, 1H), 7.85 (dd, 4H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.17 (dt, 1H), 8.82 (d, 1H), 10.2 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄N₆O₄S 468.1, found 469.4 (MH⁺).

Compound B99 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Following the general procedure, Compound B99 was prepared. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): 9.38 (1H, s), 8.21 (1H, s), 7.47 (2H, J=4.3 Hz, d), 7.23 (2H, J=4.3 Hz, d), 4.50 (2H, m), 3.35 (2H, m), 3.02 (1H, m), 2.51 (3H, s), 2.18 (2H, m), 1.79 (2H, m) 1.83 (6H, J=7 Hz, d) ppm. LCMS: 436.3, 351.9, 324.4, 270.2.

Compound B100 1-{6-[4-(4,5-Dichloro-imidazol-1-yl)-phenylamino]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. yellow solid (40 mg, 49%). (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.87 (m, 2H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 2.66 (m, 1H), 3.26 (t, 2H), 3.93 (m, 2H), 4.17 (q, 2H), 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.82 (m, 2H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 10.23 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂Cl₂N₇O₄ 506.34, found 506.2 (MH⁺).

Compound B101 Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. orange solid (9 mg, 14%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.78 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 5.92 (m, 2H), 6.75 (m, 2H), 6.94 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.42 (m, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 8.36 (m, 1H), 9.91 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₄N₄O₈S 452.49, found 453.2 (MH⁺).

Compound B102 (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{1-[6-(2-fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methanone

[Method 16]. yellow solid (16 mg, 44%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.89 (m, 4H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 3.51 (m, 1H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 7.10 (m, 5H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.13 (m, 1H), 10.06 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₄N₄O₈S 439.41, found 440.3 (MH⁺).

Compound B103 {1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone

[Method 16]. orange solid (20 mg, 53%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.89 (m, 4H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 3.51 (m, 1H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 5.92 (s, 2H), 6.76 (m, 2H), 7.10 (m, 3H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 9.91 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₀FN₅O₅ 465.43, found 466.3 (MH⁺).

Compound B104 (2,3-Difluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. yellow solid (5 mg, 8%), ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.78 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 6.94 (m, 2H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 7.10 (m, 1H), 7.42 (m, 1H), 7.89 (m, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.37 (m, 1H), 10.05 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₁₈F₂N₆O₂S 444.46, found 444.9 (M+H⁺).

Compound B105 (2,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. yellow solid (12 mg, 19%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.78 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 6.85 (m, 2H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 7.10 (m, 1H), 7.42 (m, 1H), 7.89 (m, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 8.37 (m, 1H), 9.91 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₁₈F₂N₆O₂S 444.46, found 445.4 (M+H⁺).

Compound B106 (2,5-Difluoro-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

[Method 16]. yellow solid (3 mg, 5%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.78 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 6.73 (m, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 7.42 (m, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.25 (m, 1H), 8.37 (m, 1H), 10.25 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₁₈F₂N₆O₂S 444.46, found 445.3 (M+H⁺).

Compound B107 1-[6-(4-Benzenesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. yellow solid (32 mg, 39%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.22 (t, 3H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 3.20 (t, 2H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 4.12 (q, 2H), 7.48 (m, 3H), 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.90 (m, 4H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 10.19 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₄H₂₅N₅O₆S 511.55, found 512.3 (MH⁺).

Compound B108 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzoimidazol-5-ylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. yellow solid (11 mg, 14%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.40 (t, 3H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 2.79 (m, 1H), 3.39 (t, 2H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 4.30 (q, 2H), 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.95 (m, 1H), 8.26 (m, 2H), 10.40 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₀F₃N₇O₄ 479.41, found 480.3 (MH⁺).

Compound B109 1-{5-Nitro-6-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy)-phenylamino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 16]. yellow solid (65 mg, 84%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.36 (t, 3H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 2.14 (m, 2H), 2.74 (m, 1H), 3.34 (m, 2H), 4.01 (m, 2H), 4.26 (q, 2H), 6.02 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.77 (m, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 10.23 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁F₄N₅O₅ 487.40, found 488.2 (MH⁺).

Compound B110 {6-[4-(4-Iodo-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

Yellow solid; yield 82.6%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.2 (s, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.86 (m, 4H); 7.50 (m, 2H); 6.64 (m, 2H); 4.55 (m, 1H); 3.65 (m, 2H); 3.55 (m, 2H); 2.98 (s, 3H); 1.96 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 596 (MH⁺, 100%).

Compound B111 (2-Fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

Following the general procedure, Compound B111 was obtained as a yellow solid (38%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ 10.3(s, 1H); 8.74(t, 1H); 8.17(s, 1H); 7.70 (d, 1H); 7.67(d, 1H); 3.95-3.92(m, 2H); 3.33-3.27(m, 2H); 3.29-3.23(m, 1H); 3.00(s, 3H); 3.03-2.96(m, 1H); 2.19-2.11 (m, 2H); 2.03-1.96(m, 2H); 1.26(d, 6H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₄ FN₇O₅S 505.15, LCMS (ESI) m/z 506.2(M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B112 {6-[4-(3-Ethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(2-fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

Following the general procedure, Compound B112 was obtained as a yellow solid (31%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.25 (t, 3H), 2.06-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.70 (q, 2H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.38 (m, 3H), 3.96-3.99 (m, 2H), 7.84 (dd, 4H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 10.2 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₃N₇O₅S 473.1, found 474.2 (MH⁺).

Compound B113 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(3-propyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine

Following the general procedure, Compound B113 was obtained as a yellow solid (44%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ 10.2(s, 1H); 8.13(s, 1H); 7.87 (d, 2H); 7.83(d, 2H); 3.92(m, 2H); 3.32-3.29(m, 2H); 3.26-3.23(m, 1H); 2.99(s, 3H); 2.62(t, 2H); 2.19-2.15(m, 2H); 2.01-1.95(m, 2H); 1.69(se, 2H); 0.91(t, 3H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₅N₇O₅S 487.16, LCMS (ESI) m/z 488.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B114 {6-[4-(3-Cyclopropylmethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

Following the general procedure, Compound B114 was obtained as a yellow solid (45%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ 10.2(s, 1H); 8.15(s, 1H); 7.87 (d, 2H); 7.78(d, 2H); 3.95(m, 2H); 3.34-3.30(m, 2H); 3.30-3.27(m, 1H); 3.00(s, 3H); 2.57(d, 2H); 2.21-2.17(m, 2H); 2.04-1.96(m, 2H); 1.06-1.02(m, 1H); 0.53-0.48 (m, 2H); 0.25-0.16(m, 2H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₅N₂O₅S 499.16, LCMS (ESI) m/z 500.5 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B115 {6-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

Following the general procedure, Compound B115 was obtained as a yellow solid (76%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ 10.2 (s, 1H); 8.14 (s, 1H); 7.85 (dd, 4H); 3.92 (d, 2H); 127 (m, 3H); 3.0 (s, 3H); 2.14 (m, 2H); 1.99 (m, 2H); 1.25 (d, 6H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 488 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound B116 {6-[4-(3-Cyclopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

Following the general procedure, Compound B116 was obtained as a yellow solid (83.6%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ10.2 (s, 1H); 8.14 (s, 1H); 7.86 (dd, 4H); 3.90 (d, 2H); 3.30 (m, 2H); 3.27 (m, 1H); 3.00 (s, 3H); 2.13 (m, 2H); 1.98 (m, 3H); 0.97 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 486 (MH⁺, 100%)

Compound B117 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-(5-nitro-6-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]-piperidin-1-yl}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amine

Following the general procedure, Compound B117 was obtained as a yellow solid (61%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 2.06-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.38 (m, 3H), 3.96-3.99 (m, 2H), 7.55 (t, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.86 (dd, 4H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 10.2 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₅H₂₂F₃N₇O₅S 589.1, found 590.4 (MH⁺).

Compound B118 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfinyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Compound B99 was selectively oxidized using mCPBA to give Compound B118 as the sulfoxide. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): 9.65 (1H, s), 8.26 (1H, s), 7.75 (2H, m), 7.63 (2H, m), 4.52 (2H, m), 3.45 (1H, m), 3.32 (2H, m), 3.04 (1H, m), 2.73 (3H, s), 2.18 (2H, m), 1.79 (2H, m) 1.18 (6H, J=7 Hz, d) ppm. LCMS: 468.4, 384.1, 356.2, 302.1.

Compound B119 (4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{5-nitro-6-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

A mixture of compound (6-chloro-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine (400 mg, 1.22 mmol), 4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-piperidine (399 mg, 1.34 mmol) and potassium carbonate (336 mg, 2.44 mmol) in DMF (8 ml) was heated in an oil bath at 60° C. for 2 hours. The crude mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched with water. The solid was filtered off, rinsed with water and dried in vacuum oven to give product B119 as a yellow solid (604 mg, 90%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) d 2.01-2.08 (m, 4H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.64-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.75 (m, 2H), 4.62-4.66 (m, 1H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 7.17 (d, 2H), 7.93 (dd, 4H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 10.2 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₃H₂₂F₃N₅O₆S 553.1, found 554.3 (MH⁺).

Compound B120 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Compound B99 was oxidized using mCPBA to give Compound B120 as the sulfone. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 9.86 (1H, s), 8.34 (1H, s), 7.93˜7.84 (4H, m), 4.54 (2H, m), 3.50˜3.39 (3H, m), 3.21 (3H, s) 3.05 (1H, m), 2.21 (2H, m), 1.83 (2H, m) 1.27 (6H, J=7 Hz, d) ppm. LCMS: 452.1, 437.2, 368.1, 340.0.

Compound B121 1-{1-[6-(2-Fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-hexan-1-one

The general procedure for the addition of Amine to pyrimidine afforded Compound 121; ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 10.48(s, NH); 8.84(s, 1H); 8.23(s, 1H); 7.75(m, 2H); 3.98(m, 2H); 3.22(m, 2H); 3.06 (s, CH₃); 2.69(m, 1H); 2.48(m, 2H); 1.99(m, 2H); 1.77(m, 2H), 1.59(m, 2H), 1.29(m, 4H), 0.89(t, 3H); LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₈FN₅O₅S: m/z 493 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B122 1-{1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-hexan-1-one

The general procedure for the addition of Amine to pyrimidine afforded Compound 122; ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 10.2(s, NH); 8.20(s, 1H); 7.92(m, 4H); 3.98(m, 2H); 3.22(m, 2H); 3.06 (s, CH₃); 2.69(m, 1H); 2.48(m, 2H); 1.99(m, 2H); 1.77(m, 2H), 1.59(m, 2H), 1.29(m, 4H), 0.89(t, 3H); LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₉N₅O₅S: m/z 476 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B123 {6-[4-(3-tert-Butyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(2-fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

The general procedure for the addition of Amine to pyrimidine afforded Compound B123 as yellow oil (40 mg, 51%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ d(ppm): 10.4(s,NH); 8.83(t, 1H); 8.25(s, 1H); 7.76 (t, 2H); 4.01(d,2H); 3.41-3.34(m, 2H); 3.32-3.28(m, 1H); 3.08(s,3H); 2.27-2.22 (m, 2H); 2.11-2.04(m, 2H); 3.36(s, 9H). Exact mass calculated for:

C₂₃H₂₇FN₆O₅S 518.17, LCMS (ESI) m/z 520.4 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B124 {6-[4-(3-tert-Butyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

The general procedure for the addition of amine to pyrimidine afforded Compound 124 as a yellow solid, yield 90%; ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 10.2 (s, 1H); 8.23 (s, 1H); 7.97 (d, 2H); 7.76 (d, 2H); 4.02 (d, 2H); 3.44 (m, 3H); 3.2 (s, 3H); 2.27 (m, 2H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.37 (s, 9H); LCMS (ESI) m/z 502 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound B125 [6-(4-Benzofuran-2-yl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine

The general procedure for the addition of amine to pyrimidine afforded Compound B125 as a yellow solid (82 mg, 91%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.00 (s, 1H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.98 (m, 3H), 7.27 (d, 1H), 7.32 (d, 1H), 7.66 (m, 4H), 7.97 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₁F₂N₇O₃ 493.53, found 494.4 (M+H⁺).

Compound B126 4-(3-Fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-6-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Compound B126 was obtained as a solid (90%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.34 (d, 6H), 2.01-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.27 (m, 2H), 3.06 (heptet, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.30-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.50 (m, 2H), 4.70-4.77 (m, 2H), 7.33 (dd, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.90 (t, 1H), 8.08 (dd, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₂₄FN₇O₃S 485.2, found 486.3 (MH⁺).

Compound B127 {6-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(5-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine

Compound B127 was prepared by the general procedure for the addition of pyridinylsulfone to pyrimidine to give a solid (4 mg, 4%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.5(s, NH); 8.86(s,1H); 8.74(d, 1H); 8.29(s,1H); 8.20(d, 1H); 4.02-3.99(m,2H); 3.40-3.28(m, 3H); 3.11(s,3H); 3.11-3.06(m, 1H); 2.26-2.22(m, 2H); 2.09-2.03(m, 2H); 1.33(d, 6H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₄N₈O₅S 488.16, LCMS (ESI) m/z 489.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B128 (3-Fluoro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-{6-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine

Compound B128 was prepared using the general procedure for the oxidation of a sulfide to sulfone; yellow solid (9 mg, 36%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.3(s,NH); 8.25(s, 1H); 8.13(d, 1H); 7.92(t,1H); 7.40(d,1H); 4.00(db,2H); 3.41-3.29(m,3H); 3.23(s,3H); 3.10-3.07(m, 1H); 2.26-2.24(m,2H); 2.10-2.02(m,2H); 1.34(d,6H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₁H₂₄ FN₇O₅S 505.15, LCMS (ESI) m/z 506.3 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B129 {6-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-amine

Compound B129 was prepared using the general procedure for the oxidation of a sulfide to sulfone; yellow solid (6 mg, 67%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 10.3(s,NH); 8.93(s, 1H); 8.52(d, 1H); 8.22(s,1H); 8.10(d,1H); 4.00(db,2H); 3.41-3.31(m,3H); 3.23(s,3H); 3.08(qu, 1H); 2.27-2.23(m,2H); 2.10-2.04(m,2H); 1.33(d,6H).Exact mass calculated for C₂₀H₂₄N₃O₅S 488.16, LCMS (ESI) m/z 489.2 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound B130 4-(2,3-Difluoro-phenylamino)-6-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

To a solution of 4,6-dichloro-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (254 mg, 1.47 mmol) and 2,3-difluoroaniline (190 mg, 1.47 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) at 0° C. was added K₂CO₃ (203 mg, 1.47 mmol). The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc:Hex 1:1, R_(f)=0.90). After the completion of the reaction, 4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidine (340 mg, 1.47 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (406 mg, 2.94 mmol) were added at 0° C. The reaction was warmed to rt and stirred for 30 min. The reaction was heated to 40° C. and maintained for 1 h. The reaction was cooled to rt, poured in to H₂O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL, two times). The EtOAc was dried over MgSO₂ and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified over SiO₂ (EtOAc:Hex=1:1, R_(f)=0.49) to afford Compound B130 (501 mg; 76.7%). ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): 9.60 (1H, s), 8.28 (1H, s), 7.45˜7.29 (3H, m), 4.64 (2H, m), 3.59˜3.52 (4H, m), 3.41˜3.49 (2H, m), 2.29˜2.25 (2H, b), 1.96˜1.86 (2H, m), 1.39 (6H, d) ppm. LCMS: 426.43.

Compound B131 4-(2,5-Difluoro-phenylamino)-6-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

To a solution of 4,6-Dichloro-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (254 mg, 1.47 mmol) and 2,5-difluoroaniline (190 mg, 1.47 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) at 0° C. was added K₂CO₃ (203 mg, 1.47 mmol) The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc:Hex=1:1, R_(f)=0.90). After the reaction was complete, 4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidine (340 mg, 1.47 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (406 mg, 2.94 mmol) were added at 0° C. The reaction was warmed to rt and stirred for 30 min. The reaction was heated to 40° C. and maintained for 1 h. The reaction was cooled to rt, poured in to H₂O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL, two times). The EtOAc was dried over MgSO₂ and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified over SiO₂ (EtOAc:Hex=1:1, R_(f) ⁼0.44) to afford the desired Compound B131 (465 mg; 71.1%). ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): 9.32 (1H, s), 8.19 (1H, s), 7.40-7.08 (3H, m), 4.54 (2H, m), 3.48-3.32 (4H, m), 3.07-3.01 (2H, m), 2.18-2.14 (2H, b), 1.96-1.86 (2H, m), 1.27 (6H, d) ppm. LCMS: 426.43.

Compound B132 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Compound B132 was prepared by the general procedure for the addition of amine to pyrimidine as described herein using 4-chloro-6-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile and 4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidine. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6): 9.38 (1H, s), 8.21 (1H, s), 7.47 (2H, J=4.3 Hz, d), 7.23 (2H, J=4.3 Hz, d), 4.50 (2H, m), 3.35 (2H, m), 3.02 (1H, m), 2.51 (3H, s), 2.18 (2H, m), 1.79 (2H, m) 1.83 (6H, J=7 Hz, d) ppm. LCMS: 436.3, 351.9, 324.4, 270.2.

Intermediate 4-chloro-6-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile was prepared in a similar manner as described herein using 4,6-dichloro-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile and 4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamine. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6): 10.22 (1H, s), 8.53 (1H, s) 7.43 (2H, m), 7.40 (2H, m), 2.49 (3H, s) ppm. LCMS: 277.0, 234.0, 149.0.

Compound B133 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

To a solution of 4-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (200 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) at 0° C. was added 216 mg of m-CPBA (0.94 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 10 min and warmed to room temperature. The reaction was maintained for 2 h at the same temperature and the completion of the reaction was judged by TLC. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and purified over SiO₂ (ethyl acetate/Hex=1/1m R_(f)=0.69) to afford Compound B133 (167 mg, 80%). ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6): 9.86 (1H, s), 8.34 (1H, s), 7.93˜7.84 (4H, m), 4.54 (2H, m), 3.50˜3.39 (3H, m), 3.21 (3H, s) 3.05 (1H, m), 2.21 (2H, m), 1.83 (2H, m) 1.27 (6H, J=7 Hz, d) ppm. LCMS: 452.1, 437.2, 368.1, 340.0.

Compound B134 4-(4-Hexanoyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(6-methylsulfanyl-pyridin-3-ylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

4-Chloro-6-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (150.00 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMF (2 ml) was mixture with Potassium Carbonate (82.1 mg, 0.59 mmol), added 1-piperidin-4-yl-hexan-1-one hydrochloride (237.4 mg, 1.08 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) and left stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Reaction was worked up with ethyl acetate, sodium bicarbonate, dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrate under high vacuum to afford a lithe yellow solid as product. Compound was recrystallized using hexane in ethyl acetate to afford Compound B134 (157 mg). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₈N₆OS: m/z 425.4 (M+H⁺, 100%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.72 (d, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 7.97 (q, 1H), 7.21 (s,1H,NH), 4.92 (m, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.65 (t, 2H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.50(m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.07 (t, 3H).

Compound B135 4-(4-Hexanoyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-ylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

4-(4-Hexanoyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(6-methylsulfanyl-pyridin-3-ylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (100 mg, 0.236 mmol) in chloroform was mixture with mCPBA (122.0 mg, 0.71 mmol) at 0 C under stirring, left reaction warmed up to room temperature and reacted for an additional 12 hours. Worked up with water (pH=10 using ammonium hydroxide as base), chloroform, sodium bicarbonate, dried with magnesium sulfate, concentrate under high vacuum and crystallized using hexane and ethyl acetate to afford Compound B135 as a solid (90 mg, 84%). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₈N₆O₃S: m/z 457.2 (M+H⁺, 100%). ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.87 (d, 1H), 8.46 (q, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.07(d, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H, NH), 4.74 (m, 2H), 3.48 (m, 2H), 3.21(s, 3H), 2.70 (m, 1H), 2.48 (t, 2H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.27(m, 2H), 1.27 (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, 3H).

Compound B136 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6-methylsulfanyl-pyridin-3-ylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

4-Chloro-6-(6-methylsulfanyl-pyridin-3-ylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (80.00 mg, 0.29 mmol) in DMF (2 ml) was mixture with Potassium Carbonate (79.62 mg, 0.58 mmol), added 4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidine hydrochloride (237.4 mg, 1.08 or 1.02 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) and left stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Reaction was worked up with ethyl acetate, sodium bicarbonate, dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrate under high vacuum. Compound was recrystallized using hexane in ethyl acetate to afford Compound B136. ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 9.48 (s,1H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.26 (d, 1H), 4.52(m, 2H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.37 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.33 (d, 6H).

Compound B137 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-ylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6-methylsulfanyl-pyridin-3-ylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (26.0 mg, 0.06 mmol) in chloroform was mixture with mCPBA (41.1 mg, 0.24 mmol) at 0 C under stirring, left reaction warmed up to room temperature and reacted for an additional 12 hours. Worked up with water (pH=10 using ammonium hydroxide as base), chloroform, sodium bicarbonate, dried with magnesium sulfate, concentrate under high vacuum and crystallized using hexane and ethyl acetate to afford Compound B137 as a solid (7.5 mg). ¹H NMR 400 MHz DMSO δ (ppm): 8.88 (d, 1H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 4.72 (m, 2H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.33 (d, 6H).

Compound B138 1-[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone

To a solution of 1-[4-Chloro-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone (0.21 mmol, 70 mg) and 4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidine hydrochloride (0.21 mmol, 49 mg) in N,N-dimethyl formamide (500 uL) was added potassium carbonate (0.21 mmol, 29 mg). The resulting mixture was microwaved at 100° C. for 150 seconds. Its progress was monitored by thin layer chromatography and LCMS. The reaction was treated with water and the desired compound was extracted in ethyl acetate. Organic layer was evaporated in vacuo. Purification by HPLC provided Compound B138 as a white solid (15 mg, 15%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.85 (s, 1H); 8.32 (s, 1H); 7.92 (s, 4H); 4.07 (m, 2H); 3.40 (m, 2H); 3.29 (h, 1H); 3.09 (m, 1H); 3.07 (s, 3H); 2.47 (s, 3H); 2.18 (m, 2H); 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.33 (d, 6H). LCMS (ESI), m/z 485.3 (M+H+, 100%).

Compound B139 1-[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-ylamino)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone

To a solution of 1-[4-chloro-6-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-ylamino)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone (0.21 mmol, 70 mg) and 4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidine hydrochloride (0.21 mmol, 49 mg) in N,N-dimethyl formamide (500 uL) was added potassium carbonate (0.21 mmol, 29 mg). The mixture was microwaved at 100° C. for 150 seconds. Its progress was monitored by thin layer chromatography and LCMS. The reaction was treated with water and the desired compound was extracted in ethyl acetate. Organic layer was evaporated in vacuo. Purification by HPLC provided Compound B139 as a white solid (31 mg, 31%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ(ppm): 10.9 (s, 1H); 8.90 (d, 1H); 8.58 (d, 1H); 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.05 (d, 1H); 4.09 (m, 2H); 3.41 (m, 2H); 3.29 (h, 1H); 3.23 (s, 3H); 3.09 (h, 1H); 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.35 (d, 6H) LCMS (ESI), m/z 486.3 (M+H+, 100%).

Example 14 Syntheses of Compounds of the Present Invention Compound C1 1-(5-Nitro-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

General Method 17. A mixture of 1-(6-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (0.157 g, 0.49 mmol), phenyl boronic acid (62.1 mg, 0.50 mmol), tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium(0) (11.6 mg), 2M Na₂CO₃ (375 μL), DME/H₂O/ethanol (7/3/2) (1239 μL) was heated in a microwave tube at 140° C. for 120 s in a microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was cooled and filtered and the filtrate was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with 1N NaOH (2×) and brine, dried (Na₂CO₃) and evaporated. Flash column chromatography (Biotage, silica, 20% EtOAc/hexane) afforded the desired product C1 in 47% yield. ¹HNMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.63(s, 1H); 7.45(m, 5H); 4.16(q, 2H); 4.07(m, 2H); 3.20(t, 2H); 2.62(m, 1H); 2.03(m, 2H); 1.84(m, 2H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₂₀N₄O₄: m/z 356 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C2 1-(6-Naphthalen-2-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by HPLC afforded the pure product. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.62(s, 1H); 7.93(s, 1H); 7.80 (m, 3H); 7.50(m, 3H); 4.10(q, 2H); 3.99(m, 2H); 3.16 (t, 2H); 2.58(m, 1H); 1.98 (m, 2H); 1.21(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₂N₄O₄: m/z 406 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C3 1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by preparatory LCMS afforded the pure product in 7%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.66(s, 1H); 8.02(d, 1H); 7.66(d, 1H); 4.18(q, 2H); 4.05(m, 2H); 3.27(t, 2H); 3.09(s, 3H); 2.66(m, 1H); 2.06(m, 2H); 1.88(m, 2H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₉H₂₂N₄O₆S: m/z 434 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C4 1-(6-Benzofuran-5-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Flash column chromatography (Biotage, silica, 20% EtOAc/hexane) afforded the product in 61% yield. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.63(s, 1H); 7.66(d, 1H); 7.57(s, 1H); 7.54(d, 1H); 7.39(t, 1H); 7.28(t, 114); 4.15(m, 4H); 3.22(t, 2H); 2.63(m, 1H); 2.04(m, 2H); 1.85(m, 2H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₀N₄O₅: m/z 396 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C5 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by HPLC afforded the pure product in 11%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.65 (s, 1H); 7.46 (q, 1H); 4.18 (q, 2H); 4.05 (m, 2H); 3.24 (m, 3H); 2.65 (m, 1H); 2.05 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 2H); 1.27 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₉H₂₂N₄O₄: m/z 370 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C6 1-[6-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Flash column chromatography (Biotage, silica, 20% EtOAc/hexane) afforded the product in 24% yield. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.60(s, 1H); 7.47(d, 1H); 6.94(, 2H); 4.15(q, 2H); 4.03(m, 2H); 3.84(s, 2H); 3.17(m, 2H); 2.61(m, 1H); 1.96(m, 2H); 1.83(m, 2H); 1.27(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₉H₂₂N₄O₅: m/z 386 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C7 4-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-furan-3-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidine

[Method 17]. Flash column chromatography (Biotage, silica, 20% EtOAc/hexane) afforded the product in 35% yield. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.55(s, 1H); 7.97(s, 1H); 7.46(s, 1H); 6.73(s, 2H); 4.16(q, 2H); 3.18 (m, 2H); 2.61(m, 1H); 2.01(m, 2H); 1.83(m, 2H); 1.27(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₆H₁₈N₄O₅: m/z 346 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C8 1-[6-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by HPLC afforded the pure product in 14%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.67(s, 1H); 7.47(m, 1H); 7.38(t, 1H); 7.32(m, 1H); 4.18(q, 2H); 4.05 (m, 2H); 3.28 (t, 2H); 2.67(m, 1H); 2.07(m, 2H); 1.88(m, 2H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₁₉ClN₄O₄: m/z 390 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C9 1-[6-(2,6-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17].Purification of the crude product by HPLC afforded the pure product in 28%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.79(s, 1H); 7.95(s, 3H); 7.40(t, 1H); 6.59(d, 2H); 4.18(q, 2H); 4.07 (m, 2H); 3.74 (s, 6H); 3.38 (t, 2H); 2.70(m, 1H); 2.10(m, 2H); 1.95(m, 2H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₁₉ClN₄O₄: m/z 390 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C10 1-(6-Naphthalen-1-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and activated carbon and purified by preparatory LCMS. 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.75 (s, 1H); 7.96 (m, 1H); 7.90 (m, 2H); 7.51 (m, 3H); 7.40 (m, 1H); 4.19 (m, 2H); 4.11 (m, 2H); 3.31 (m, 2H); 2.68 (m, 1H); 2.08 (m, 2H); 1.91 (m, 2H); 1.29 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 407 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C11 1-[6-(4-Methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17].The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and activated carbon and purified by preparatory LCMS. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ χ(ppm): 8.68 (s, 1H); 7.41 (m, 2H); 7.28 (m, 2H); 4.18 (m, 2H); 4.07 (m, 2H); 3.27 (m, 2H); 2.66 (m, 1H); 2.52 (s, 3H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 1.29 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 403 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C12 1-(2′,4′-Dihydroxy-5-nitro-[4,5′]bipyrimidinyl-6-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester;

[Method 17]. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and activated carbon and purified by HPLC w/TFA. Yield 0.015 g, 11%. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ(ppm): 8.48, 7.33 (s, 1H); 8.02 (s, 1H); 4.07 (m, 2H); 3.86 (m, 2H); 3.13 (m, 2H); 2.65 (s, 2H); 2.55 (m, 1H); 1.93 (m, 2H); 1.74 (m, 2H); 1.18 (m, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 391 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C13 1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]Yield: 6 mg (4%). ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.66(s, 1H); 8.02(d, 1H); 7.66(d, 1H); 4.18(q, 2H); 4.05(m, 2H); 3.27(t, 2H); 3.09(s, 3H); 2.66(m, 1H); 2.06(m, 2H); 1.88(m, 2H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₉H₂₂N₄O₆S: m/z 434 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C14 1-[6-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by preparatory LCMS afforded the pure product in 23%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.64(s, 1H); 7.96(s, 3H); 4.18(q, 2H); 4.05(m, 2H); 3.25(t, 2H); 2.65(m, 1H); 2.05(m, 2H); 1.85(m, 4H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₁₈F₆N₄O₄: m/z 492 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C15 1-(6-Dibenzothiophen-4-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by preparatory LCMS afforded the pure product in 24%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.72(s, 1H); 8.20(d, 1H); 8.12 (m, 1H); 7.76 (m, 1H); 7.45(m, 4H); 7.37(m, 1H); 4.14(q, 2H); 4.05(m, 2H); 3.27(t, 2H); 2.64(m, 1H); 2.03(m, 2H); 1.86(m, 2H); 1.25(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₄H₂₂N₄O₄S: m/z 462 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C16 1-[6-(3,5-Dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by preparatory LCMS afforded the pure product in 12%. 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.64(s, 1H); 4.18(q, 2H); 4.05(m, 2H); 3.25(t, 2H); 2.66(m, 1H); 2.35(s, 3H); 2.21(s, 3H); 2.05(m, 2H); 1.86(m, 2H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₇H₂₁N₅O₅: m/z 375 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C17 1-(5-Nitro-6-thiophen-2-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by preparatory LCMS afforded the pure product in 23%. ¹HNMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.56(s, 1H); 7.58(d, 1H); 7.47(d, 11-1); 7.10(t, 1H); 4.17(q, 2H); 4.09(d, 2H); 3.21(t, 2H); 2.62(m, 1H); 2.03(m, 2H); 1.85(m, 2H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₆H₁₈N₄O₄S: m/z 362 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C18 1-[6-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by preparatory LCMS afforded the pure product in 7%. 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.59(s, 1H); 7.44(s, 1H); 7.30(s, 2H); 7.23(s, 1H); 4.14(q, 2H); 4.00(m, 2H); 3.21(m, 2H); 2.61(m, 1H); 2.02(m, 2H); 1.81(m, 2H); 1.25(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₆H₁₈N₄O₄S: m/z 362 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C19 1-(6-Dibenzofuran-4-yl-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by preparatory LCMS afforded the pure product in 17%. ¹HNMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.77(s, 1H); 8.07(d, 1H); 7.96(d, 1H); 7.45(m, 4H); 7.36(t, 1H); 4.18(q, 21-1); 4.08(m, 2H); 3.31(t, 2H); 2.69(m, 1H); 2.07(m, 2H); 1.92(m, 2H); 1.29(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₄H₂₂N₄O₅: m/z 446 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C20 1-[6-(3,5-Dimethyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by preparatory LCMS afforded the pure product in 23%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.46(s, 1H); 6.93(s, 3H); 4.02(q, 2H); 3.89(m, 2H); 3.05(m, 2H); 2.47(m, 1H); 2.20(s, 6H); 1.88(m, 2H); 1.70(m, 4H); 1.18(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₈H₁₈ClN₄O₄: m/z 384 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C21 1-[6-(4-Acetyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

Filtered the reaction mixture and the filtrate was purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 21%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.63(s, 1H); 8.00(d, 2H); 7.57(d, 2H); 4.16(q, 2H); 4.03(m, 2H); 3.22(m, 2H); 2.64(s, 3H); 2.03(m, 2H); 1.85(m, 4H); 1.27(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₂₂N₄O₅: m/z 398 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C22 1-[6-(4-Ethanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by preparatory TLC using 20% EtOAc/hexane afforded the pure product in 21%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.63(s, 1H); 7.97(d, 2H); 7.67(d, 2H); 4.18(q, 2H); 3.22(m, 2H); 3.12(m, 3H); 2.65(m, 1H); 2.04(m, 2H); 1.85(m, 2H); 1.28(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₂₄N₄O₆S: m/z 448 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C23 1-[6-(2-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. purified by semi preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 14%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.54(s, 1H); 7.35(m, 8H); 4.07(q, 2H); 3.96(m, 2H); 3.13(t, 2H); 2.53(m, 1H); 1.95(m, 2H); 1.77(m, 2H); 1.19(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₀H₂₂N₄O₅: m/z 398 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C24 1-[6-(3-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the crude product by flash column chromatography (Biotage, silica, 20% EtOAc/hexane) afforded the pure product in 5%. 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.67(s, 1H); 8.07(m, 2H); 7.69(m, 2H); 4.18(q, 2H); 4.09(m, 2H); 3.29(t, 2H); 3.08(s, 3H); 2.71(m, 1H); 2.06(m, 2H); 1.87(m, 2H); 1.27(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₁₉H₂₂N₄O₆S: m/z 434 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C25 1-{6-[4-(2-Carboxy-ethyl)-phenyl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. C25 was purified by preparatory HPLC afforded the pure product in 24%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.52(s, 1H); 7.33(d, 2H); 7.17(d, 2H); 4.07(m, 2H); 3.94(m, 2H); 3.10(t, 2H); 2.94(t, 2H); 2.64(t, 2H); 2.52(m, 1H); 1.40(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₁H₂₄N₄O₆: m/z 428 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound C26 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-phenyl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the residue by column chromatography (silica, 20% EtOAc/hexane) afforded the pure product in 14%. ¹HNMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.55(s, 1H); 7.36(d, 2H); 7.19(d, 2H); 3.95(m, 2H); 3.64(s, 3H); 3.60(s, 3H); 3.11(m, 2H); 2.92(t, 2H); 2.57(t, 2H); 2.54(m, 1H); 1.95(m, 2H); 1.76(m, 2H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₁H₂₄N₄O₆: m/z 428 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Compound C27 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-phenyl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 17]. Purification of the residue by preparatory TLC (silica, 20% EtOAc/hexane) afforded the pure product in 16%. ¹H NMR, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ (ppm): 8.55(s, 1H); 7.35(d, 2H); 7.19(d, 2H); 4.09(q, 2H); 3.96(m, 2H); 3.60(s, 3H); 3.11(m, 2H); 2.92(t, 2H); 2.57(t, 2H); 1.94(s, 3H); 1.77(m, 2H); 1.19(t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) for C₂₂H₂₆N₄O₆: m/z 442 (M+H⁺, 100%).

Example 15 Syntheses of Compounds of the Present Invention Compound D1 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenylethynyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. General Method 18

1-{6-chloro-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (100 mg, 0.317 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (12 mg, 0.017 mmol) and copper(I)iodide (5 mg, 0.026 mmol) were dissolved in diisopropylethylamine and stirred for 2 min. o-ethynyl-trifluoromethylbenzene (100 ul, 0.072 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred under N₂ at 70° C. for 18 hours. The yellow suspension turned black. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with chloroform (12 ml), passed through a celite plug and concentrated under vacuo. Purification by Flash Chromatography (0-30% Ethyl acetate/Hexanes) gave Compound Dl. Yield 35%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.58 (s, 1H); 7.78 (d, 1H); 7.71 (d, 1H); 7.56 (m, 2H); 4.16 (m, 2H); 4.01 (d, 2H); 3.21 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.26 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 449 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Compound D2 1-(5-Nitro-6-phenylethynyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 18]. Purification by HPLC yielded red oil. Yield 9%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.49 (s, 1H); 7.54 (d, 2H); 7.32 (d, 3H); 4.11 (m, 2H); 3.95 (d, 2H); 3.20 (m, 2H); 2.58 (m, 1H); 2.01 (m, 2H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 1.21 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 381 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound D3 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethynyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 18]. Purification by HPLC. Yield 30% brown solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.55 (s, 1H); 7.7 (d, 2H); 7.65 (d, 2H); 4.17 (m, 2H); 4.00 (d, 2H); 3.24 (m, 2H); 2.64 (m, 1H); 1.96 (m, 4H); 1.28 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 449 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound D4 1-(5-Nitro-6-m-tolylethynyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester;

Purification by HPLC. Yield 60% brown solid. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.55 (s, 1H); 7.44 (d, 2H); 7.27 (d, 2H); 4.18 (m, 2H); 4.00 (d, 2H); 3.24 (m, 2H); 2.64 (m, 1H); 2.37 (s, 3H); 2.04 (m, 2H); 1.87 (m, 2H); 1.28 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 395 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound D5 1-[6-(2-Fluoro-phenylethynyl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.58 (s, 1H); 7.78 (d, 1H); 7.71 (d, 1H); 7.56 (m, 2H); 4.16 (m, 2H); 4.01 (d, 2H); 3.21 (m, 2H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 2.03 (m, 2H); 1.84 (m, 2H); 1.26 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 449 (M+H⁺, 100%)

Compound D6 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenylethynyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[Method 18]. Purification by Flash Chromatography (20-30% Ethyl acetate/Hexanes). Yield 42%. ¹H NMR 400 MHz CDCl₃ δ (ppm): 8.55 (s, 1H); 7.87 (s, 1H); 7.78 (d, 1H); 7.68 (d, 1H); 7.55 (m, 1H); 4.19 (m, 2H); 4.00 (d, 2H); 3.23 (m, 2H); 2.65 (m, 1]-1); 2.04 (m, 2H); 1.86 (m, 2H); 1.27 (t, 3H). LCMS (ESI) m/z 449 (M⁺H⁺, 100%)

Example 16 Syntheses of Compounds of the Present Invention 5-Nitro-4-(5-phenyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine Compound E1

[Method 16]. yellow solid (56 mg, 80%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.61 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.98 (m, 2H), 6.87 (m, 1H), 6.94 (m, 1H), 7.30 (m, 4H), 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.89 (m, 1H), 8.20 (m, 1H). Exact mass calculated for C₂₂H₁₉N₇O₃S₂ 493.56, found 494.5 (MH⁺).

The compounds in the above examples were screened in the Membrane Cyclase Assay. Representative compounds are shown in the table below:

RUP3 (IC₅₀) Compound Membrane Cyclase (μM) A124 0.241 B70 0.129 B84 0.050

The other compounds in the Examples showed IC₅₀ activities in the membrane cyclase assay less than about 500 μM.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications, additions, substitutions, and variations to the illustrative examples set forth herein can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are, therefore, considered within the scope of the invention. All documents referenced above, including, but not limited to, printed publications, and provisional and regular patent applications, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 

We claim:
 1. A method for treatment of a metabolic disorder in an individual, wherein the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholersterolemia, dyslipidemia, syndrome X, metabolic synderome or obesity, the method comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according of Formula (Ia):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein: A and B are independently C₁₋₃ alkylene optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups; D is CR₂R₃ or N—R₂; V is absent; W is NR₄ or O; X is N; Y is N; Z is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, amino, cyano, C₄₋₈ diacylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, formyl, halogen, heterocyclic, and nitro wherein C₁₋₈ alkyl and C₁₋₅ acyl are each optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from the group consisting of C₂₋₄ dialkylamino, hydroxy, and halogen; or Z is selected from the group consisting of nitro, amino, formyl, NHC(O)CF₃, Br, NHC(O)CH₃, N(C(O)CH₃)₂, N(S(O)₂CH₃)₂, CH₃, [1,3]dioxolan-2-yl, CH₂OH, CH₂N(CH₃)₂, and C(O)CH₃; or Z is a group of Formula (A):

wherein: R₇ is H, C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₈ is H, nitro or nitrile; Ar₁ is aryl or heteroaryl wherein each is optionally substituted with R₉-R₁₃; wherein the heteroaryl of Ar₁ is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, benzofuranyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, quinoline, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, 1H-benzimidazole, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 1H-imidazolyl, [1,2,4]triazolyl, [1,2,3]triazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, 1H-pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, [1,3,4]oxadiazolyl, [1,3,4]thiadiazolyl, [1,2,4]oxadiazolyl, [1,2,4]thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindolyl, and [1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl; R₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, amino, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, and C₁₋₄ haloalkyl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopentyl, and CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl; or R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-alkylene, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, and hydroxyl; or R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl, heteroaryl or phenyl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; or R₂ is —Ar₂-Ar₃ wherein Ar₂ and Ar₃ are independently aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl and nitro; or R₂ is a group of Formula (B):

wherein: R₁₄ is C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₁₅ is F, Cl, Br or CN; or R₂ is a group of Formula (C):

wherein: G is C═O, CR₁₆R₁₇, O, S, S(O), or S(O)₂; wherein R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently H or C₁₋₈ alkyl; and Ar₄ is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; R₃ is H, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, halogen or hydroxyl; R₄ is H or C₁₋₈ alkyl; R₉ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, arylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, heterocyclic, heterocyclicsulfonyl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, nitro, C₄₋₇ oxo-cycloalkyl, phenoxy, phenyl, sulfonamide and sulfonic acid, and wherein C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, phenoxy and phenyl are each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, nitro and phenyl; or R₉ is a group of Formula (D):

wherein: “p” and “r” are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and R₁₈ is H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, heteroaryl or phenyl, and wherein the heteroaryl and phenyl are each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, amino, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and hydroxyl; and R₁₀-R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, hydroxyl and nitro; or two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups together with Ar₁ form a 5, 6 or 7 membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclic group wherein the 5, 6 or 7 membered group is optionally substituted with halogen.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein A and B are both ethylene and wherein A and B are optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, amino, cyano, C₄₋₈ diacylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, formyl, halogen, heterocyclic, and nitro wherein C₁₋₈ alkyl and C₁₋₅ acyl are each optionally substituted with 1, or 2 groups selected from the group consisting of C₂₋₄ dialkylmino, hydroxy, and halogen.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein D is CR₂R₃.
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound of the following formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein: wherein R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; and R₃ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and halogen; and R₃ is hydrogen.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is: 1-[6-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Amino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; Propionic acid 1-[2-amino-5-formyl-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl ester; 4-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(piperidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Acetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Diacetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid; 1-[5-Di-(methanesulfonyl)amino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Methyl-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2,5-Dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Carbamoyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-pyrrol-1-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzenesulfonyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4′-Cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Amino-4-ethanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(5-Hydroxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-sulfo-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Carbamoylmethyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4′-Methoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(4-oxo-cyclohexyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propionyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; {4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; 3-{4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; 2-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-5-ethanesulfonyl-phenylamine; 4-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-6-(4,4-difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(2,6-Dichloro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(4-Chloro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Cyanomethyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone; 4-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; 3-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; 4-(4-Methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Bromo-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Benzoyl-5-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3-Morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; {4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; {4-Methoxy-2-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; 4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 5-Nitro-4-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine; 3-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; 5-Ethanesulfonyl-2-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenylamine; 2-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-ethanol; 3-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-propionic acid; 4-[4-(4-Methyl-benzyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(3-Methanesulfonyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; 4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; 4-(4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; (4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone; 1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{-4-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-methanone; 4-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 4-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-{4-[6-(4-Ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; (4-Methoxy-2-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone; 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-6-(4-ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-{4-[6-(4-Cyclopropylmethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 1-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-ethanone; 4-{4-[6-(4-Butoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 4-{4-[6-(4-Isobutoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; {4-[6-(4-Ethoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-ol; 1-[6-(4-Acetyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidin-4-yl)-(4fluoro-phenyl)-methanone; 4-(4-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; 4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridm-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1yl]-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 5-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde; 5-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde; [4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-methanol; [4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl]-dimethyl-amine; 4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-tert-Butyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-2-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile; or 1[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate of such a compound.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes.
 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes.
 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes.
 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is obesity.
 13. A method for controlling or decreasing weight gain of an individual comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (Ia):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein: A and B are independently C₁₋₃ alkylene optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups; D is CR₂R₃ or N—R₂; V is absent; W is NR₄ or O; X is N; Y is N; Z is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, amino, cyano, C₄₋₈ diacylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, formyl, halogen, heterocyclic, and nitro wherein C₁₋₈ alkyl and C₁₋₅ acyl are each optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from the group consisting of C₂₋₄ dialkylamino, hydroxy, and halogen; or Z is selected from the group consisting of nitro, amino, formyl, NHC(O)CF₃, Br, NHC(O)CH₃, N(C(O)CH₃)₂, N(S(O)₂CH₃)₂, CH₃, [1,3]dioxolan-2-yl, CH₂OH, CH₂N(CH₃)₂, and C(O)CH₃; or Z is a group of Formula (A):

wherein: R₇ is H, C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₈ is H, nitro or nitrile; Ar₁ is aryl or heteroaryl wherein each is optionally substituted with R₉-R₁₃; wherein the heteroaryl of Ar₁ is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, benzofuranyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, quinoline, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, 1H-benzimidazole, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 1H-imidazolyl, [1,2,4]triazolyl, [1,2,3]triazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, 1H-pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, [1,3,4]oxadiazolyl, [1,3,4]thiadiazolyl, [1,2,4]oxadiazolyl, [1,2,4]thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindolyl, and [1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl; R₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, amino, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, and C₁₋₄ haloalkyl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopentyl, and CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl; or R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-alkylene, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, and hydroxyl; or R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl, heteroaryl or phenyl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl -C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; or R₂ is —Ar₂-Ar₃ wherein Ar₂ and Ar₃ are independently aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl and nitro; or R₂ is a group of Formula (B):

wherein: R₁₄ is C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₁₅ is F, Cl, Br or CN; or R₂ is a group of Formula (C):

wherein: G is C═O, CR₁₆R₁₇, O, S, S(O), or S(O)₂; wherein R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently H or C₁₋₈ alkyl; and Ar₄ is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; R₃ is H, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, halogen or hydroxyl; R₄ is H or C₁₋₈ alkyl; R₉ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, arylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, heterocyclic, heterocyclicsulfonyl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, nitro, C₄₋₇ oxo-cycloalkyl, phenoxy, phenyl, sulfonamide and sulfonic acid, and wherein C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, phenoxy and phenyl are each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, nitro and phenyl; or R₉ is a group of Formula (D):

wherein: “p” and “r” are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and R₁₈ is H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, heteroaryl or phenyl, and wherein the heteroaryl and phenyl are each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, amino, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and hydroxyl; and R₁₀-R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, hydroxyl and nitro; or two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups together with Ar₁ form a 5, 6 or 7 membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclic group wherein the 5, 6 or 7 membered group is optionally substituted with halogen.
 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein A and B are both ethylene and wherein A and B are optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups.
 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, amino, cyano, C₄₋₈ diacylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, formyl, halogen, heterocyclic, and nitro wherein C₁₋₈ alkyl and C₁₋₅ acyl are each optionally substituted with 1, or 2 groups selected from the group consisting of C₂₋₄ dialkylmino, hydroxy, and halogen.
 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein D is CR₂R₃.
 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro.
 18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the compound is a compound of the following formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein: wherein R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; and R₃ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl.
 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and halogen; and R₃ is hydrogen.
 20. The method according to claim 13, wherein the compound is: 1-[6-(4-Imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-acetyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Amino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; Propionic acid 1-[2-amino-5-formyl-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl ester; 4-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Acetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Diacetylamino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid; 1-[5-Di-(methanesulfonyl)amino-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Methyl-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic Acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2,5-Dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic Acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Carbamoyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-pyrrol-1-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzenesulfonyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4′-Cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Amino-4-ethanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(5-Hydroxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-sulfo-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Carbamoylmethyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4′-Methoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(4-oxo-cyclohexyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propionyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; {4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; 3-{4-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; 2-[6-(4,4-Difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-5-ethanesulfonyl-phenylamine; 4-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-6-(4,4-difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(2,6-Dichloro-4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(4-Chloro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{6-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Cyanomethyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone; 4-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; 3-(4-{6-[4-(2-Methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; 4-(4-Methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Bromo-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(3-oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-[4-(3-Oxo-butyl)-phenoxy]-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-{5-Amino-6-[4-(hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2-Benzoyl-5-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(3-Morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; {4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; {4-Methoxy-2-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-phenyl-methanone; 4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 5-Nitro-4-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine; 3-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester; 5-Ethanesulfonyl-2-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenylamine; 2-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-ethanol; 3-{1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-propionic acid; 4-[4-(4-Methyl-benzyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(3-Methanesulfonyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 1-[6-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-(3-Ethynyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; 4-(4-{5-Nitro-6-[4-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; 4-(4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; (4-{6-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone; 1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-{4-[5-nitro-6-(4-propyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-methanone; 4-[4-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 4-[4-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-{4-[6-(4-Ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; (4-Methoxy-2-{5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone; 4-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-6-(4-ethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-{4-[6-(4-Cyclopropylmethoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 4-{4-[5-Nitro-6-(4-propoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 1-{4-[6-(4-Methoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-ethanone; 4-{4-[6-(4-Butoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; 4-{4-[6-(4-Isobutoxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-butan-2-one; {4-[6-(4-Ethoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone; 1-[6-(2-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-ol; 1-[6-(4-Acetyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (1-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl}-piperidin-4-yl)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone; 4-(4-{6-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-5-nitro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy}-phenyl)-butan-2-one; 4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-pyrimidine; 4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-[4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)-piperidin-1-yl]pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile; 1-[5-Nitro-6-(4-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 5-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde; 5-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-4-[4-(3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde; [4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-methanol; [4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl]-dimethyl-amine; 4-(4-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-5-nitro-6-(4-phenylsulfanyl-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-tert-Butyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(6-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-nitro-pyrimidine; 4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-2-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile; or 1-[4-[4-(3-Isopropyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate of such a compound.
 21. A method for treatment of a metabolic disorder in an individual, wherein the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, syndrome X, metabolic syndrome or obesity, the method comprising administering to the individual a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (Ia):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein: A and B are each independently C₁₋₃ alkylene optionally substituted with 1 to 4 methyl groups; D is CR₂R₃ or N-R₂; V is absent; W is NR₄ or O; X is N; Y is N; Z is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, amino, cyano, C₄₋₈ diacylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, formyl, halogen, heterocyclic, and nitro wherein C₁₋₈ alkyl and C₁₋₅ acyl are each optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from the group consisting of C₂₋₄ dialkylamino, hydroxy, and halogen; or Z is selected from the group consisting of nitro, amino, formyl, NHC(O)CF₃, Br, NHC(O)CH₃, N(C(O)CH₃)₂, N(S(O)₂CH₃)₂, CH₃, [1,3]dioxolan-2-yl, CH₂OH, CH₂N(CH₃)₂, and C(O)CH₃; or Z is a group of Formula (A):

wherein: R₇ is H, C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₈ is H, nitro or nitrile; Ar₁ is aryl or heteroaryl wherein each is optionally substituted with R₉-R₁₃; wherein the heteroaryl of Ar₁ is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, benzofuranyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, quinoline, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, 1H-benzimidazole, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 1H-imidazolyl, [1,2,4]triazolyl, [1,2,3]triazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, 1H-pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, [1,3,4]oxadiazolyl, [1,3,4]thiadiazolyl, [1,2,4]oxadiazolyl, [1,2,4]thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindolyl, and [1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl; R₁ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, amino, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, and C₁₋₄ haloalkyl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂OCH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclopentyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂-cyclohexyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopropyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclobutyl, CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclopentyl, and CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl; or R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-alkylene, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, and hydroxyl; or R₂ is C₁₋₈ alkyl, heteroaryl or phenyl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; or R₂ is —Ar₂-Ar₃ wherein Ar₂ and Ar₃ are independently aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl and nitro; or R₂ is a group of Formula (B):

wherein: R₁₄ is C₁₋₈ alkyl or C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and R₁₅ is F, Cl, Br or CN; or R₂ is a group of Formula (C):

wherein: G is C═O, CR₁₆R₁₇, O, S, S(O), or S(O)₂; wherein R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently H or C₁₋₈ alkyl; and Ar₄ is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; R₃ is H, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, halogen or hydroxyl; R₄ is H or C₁₋₈ alkyl; R₉ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, arylsulfonyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, heterocyclic, heterocyclicsulfonyl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, nitro, C₄₋₇ oxo-cycloalkyl, phenoxy, phenyl, sulfonamide and sulfonic acid, and wherein C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, phenoxy and phenyl are each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, nitro and phenyl; or R₉ is a group of Formula (D):

wherein: “p” and “r” are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; and R₁₈ is H, C₁₋₅ acyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, heteroaryl or phenyl, and wherein the heteroaryl and phenyl are each optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected independently from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkoxy, amino, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and hydroxyl; and R₁₀-R₁₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, halogen, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, hydroxyl and nitro; or two adjacent R₁₀-R₁₁ groups together with Ar₁ form a 5, 6 or 7 membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclic group wherein the 5, 6 or 7 membered group is optionally substituted with halogen.
 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the compound is a compound of the following formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein: wherein R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₅ acyl, C₁₋₅ acyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthiocarboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ alkylureyl, amino, carbo-C₁₋₆-alkoxy, carboxamide, carboxy, cyano, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl-C₁₋₃-heteroalkylene, C₂₋₈ dialkylamino, C₂₋₆ dialkylcarboxamide, C₁₋₄ dialkylthiocarboxamide, C₂₋₆ dialkylsulfonamide, C₁₋₄ alkylthioureyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylthio, halogen, heterocyclic, hydroxyl, hydroxylamino and nitro; and R₃ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl.
 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein R₂ is a 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and halogen; and R₃ is hydrogen.
 24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes.
 25. The method according to claim 23, wherein the metabolic disorder is type II diabetes.
 26. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is inadequate glucose tolerance.
 27. The method according to claim 21, wherein the metabolic disorder is inadequate glucose tolerance.
 28. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is insulin resistance.
 29. The method according to claim 21, wherein the metabolic disorder is insulin resistance.
 30. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is hyperglycemia.
 31. The method according to claim 21, wherein the metabolic disorder is hyperglycemia.
 32. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia or dyslipidemia.
 33. The method according to claim 21, wherein the metabolic disorder is hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia or dyslipidemia.
 34. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is obesity.
 35. The method according to claim 21, wherein the metabolic disorder is obesity.
 36. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is metabolic syndrome.
 37. The method according to claim 21, wherein the metabolic disorder is metabolic syndrome. 